大连市心血管疾病住院患者焦虑抑郁现患率调查及影响因素分析

Prevalence and influencing factors of anxiety and depression among hospitalized patients with cardiovascular diseases in Dalian City

目的调查大连市不同等级医院心血管疾病住院患者焦虑、抑郁现状及现患率,分析其影响因素。方法采用横断面调查法,于2017年11月15日8∶00～16日8∶00(24 h内)同一时间统一调研了大连市20家不同等级医院在院心血管疾病患者共1334例。采用一般资料调查表、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、自我管理行为量表以及社会支持评定量表(SSRS)进行调查,运用多元线性回归分析影响因素。结果大连市心血管疾病住院患者SAS、SDS得分均高于国内常模,差异有高度统计学意义(P <0.01)。不同诊断中心力衰竭患者SAS得分最高,介入治疗患者SDS得分最高。不同医院等级、性别、职业、文化程度、居住地、经济状况、居住状况及主要经济来源的患者SAS得分比较,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05);不同医院等级、年龄、职业、文化程度、经济状况、居住状况及主要经济来源的患者SDS得分比较,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。SAS总分与自我管理、SSRS总分均呈负相关(r=-0.165、-0.210,均P <0.01);SDS总分与自我管理、SSRS总分均呈负相关(r=-0.164、-0.254,均P <0.01)。多元线性回归分析结果显示,居住状况、SDS评分、自我管理和SSRS得分是焦虑的影响因素(P <0.05);职业、年龄、医院等级、SAS评分、自我管理和SSRS得分是抑郁的影响因素(P <0.05)。结论大连市心血管疾病住院患者焦虑、抑郁水平偏高,医护人员应多关注独居、无稳定工作及基层医院患者,给予针对性治疗和干预,改善患者负性情绪。

Objective To investigate the current situation of anxiety and depression in hospitalized patients with cardiovascular diseases in different grade hospitals in Dalian, and to analyze the influencing factors. Methods A total of 1334 cases of patients with cardiovascular diseases in 20 different grade hospitals in Dalian City were investigated at the same time at 8∶00 November 15, 2017 to 8∶00 November 16, 2017 (within 24 hours). The general information questionnaire, self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), self-rating depression scale (SDS), self-management behavior scale and social support scale (SSRS) were used to investigate. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors. Results The scores of SAS and SDS of hospitalized patients with cardiovascular diseases in Dalian were higher than those of the national norm, and the differences were highly statistically significant (P < 0.01). The scores of SAS in patients with heart failure were the highest, the scores of SDS in patients with intervention were the highest. There were significant differences in SAS scores among different hospital grades, gender, occupation, education level, residence, economic status, living conditions and major economic source groups (P < 0.05). There were significant differences in SDS scores among patients with different hospital grades, age, occupation, education, economic status, living conditions and major economic sources (P < 0.05). SAS score was negatively correlated with total scores of self-management and SSRS (r =-0.165,-0.210, all P <0.01), SDS score was negatively correlated with total scores of self-management and SSRS (r =-0.164,-0.254, all P < 0.01). The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that the living condition, SDS score, self-management and SSRS score were the influencing factors of anxiety (P < 0.05), and occupation, age, hospital grade, SAS score, self-management and SSRS score were the influencing factors of depression(P<0.05).Conclusion The level of anxiety and depression of inpatients with cardiovascular diseases in Dalian is high.Medical staff should pay more attention to the patients living alone,without stable work and in grassroots hospital,and give targeted treatment and intervention to improve the negative mood of patients.