两种典型表面活化剂SDS和NP对刺参幼参的急性毒性效应研究

Acute toxicity of two typical surfactants to juvenile sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

为评价典型表面活性剂对大型海洋底栖动物的风险,采用静水毒性试验法,以十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)和壬基酚(NP)两种典型表面活化剂对刺参Apostichopus japonicus幼参(体质量为0.15 g±0.05 g)分别进行单一的急性毒性试验,SDS试验浓度设为0、5.00、6.47、8.38、10.81、14.00 mg/L,NP试验浓度设为0、500、594、708、841、1000μg/L。结果表明:SDS对幼参72、96 h的LC_(50)分别为10.927、9.834 mg/L,而NP对幼参72、96 h的LC_(50)分别为1.12、0.80 mg/L;两种表面活性剂对幼参的安全浓度(SC)则分别为0.983 mg/L(SDS)和0.08 mg/L(NP);SDS的毒性效应主要体现在刺激幼参排脏吐肠,而NP的毒性效应则主要体现在引起体壁严重化皮。研究表明,SDS和NP两种表面活性剂对刺参幼参均存在较高的毒性效应,本研究结果可为表面活性剂的生物毒性预测和养殖水质风险评估提供基础数据参考。

Juvenile sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus with body weight of(0.15±0.05)g was exposed to two typical surfactants including sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS) at a dose of 0, 5.00, 6.47, 8.38, and 14.00 mg/L and nonylphenol(NP) at a dose of 0, 500, 594, 708, 841 and 1000 μg/L in a 200 L plastic tank at water temperature of(16.5±1.5)℃ to evaluate the risk of typical surfactants for large marine benthic animals in a semi-static test system. It was found that LC50 of SDS for sea cucumber juveniles was 10.927 mg/L in 72 h and 9.834 mg/L in 96 h, with safe concentration(SC) of 0.983 mg/L and that LC50 of NP 1.12 mg/L in 72 h and 0.80 mg/L in 96 h, with SC of 0.08 mg/L(NP). Toxic effect of SDS on sea cucumber juveniles is mainly reflected in the induction of evisceration, but NP can lead the severe autolysis of body wall in sea cucumber. The findings indicated that the two surfactants had high toxicity to sea cucumber, which provides basic data for biotoxicity prediction of surfactant and water quality risk assessment in aquaculture.