清代粮食储备体系及其问题的现实启示

The Realistic Enlightenment of Grain Reserve System and Its Problems in Qing Dynasty

粮食储备体系是国家粮食安全的重要支撑,而当前我国粮食储备体系存在诸多问题,这些问题也曾出现在我国清代的粮食储备体系当中,当前粮食储备体系改革亦可从历史上粮食储备体系建设和问题治理中汲取有价值的历史经验。清代形成了以"仓庾""常平仓"以及"社仓(义仓)"所构成的粮食储备体系,这一粮储体系在保障国家粮食供给、赈灾济荒、平抑物价以及促进社会生产方面发挥了重要作用。同时,清代的粮食储备体系在经营方面、管理方面也存在弊端,最终影响到粮食储备体系的可持续发展。当前,我国粮食储备体系也存在管理不善、行政调节与市场化运作相矛盾、粮储体系单一化等问题。本文旨在通过剖析清代粮食储备体系,对比当前我国粮食储备体系所存在的问题,为当前我国粮食储备体系的进一步完善提供必要的历史借鉴。

The grain reserve system is an important support for national food security At present, China s grain reserve system has many problems These problems have also appeared in the grain reserve system of the Qing Dynasty China s grain system reform needs to absorb the experience of the construction of grain reserve system and its problem management in history This will help us to advance the current reform of the grain re serve system In the Qing Dynasty, a grain reserve system consisting of “ Cangyu”,“ ever normal granarye” and “charitable granary”(Yi warehouse) was formed This grain storage system has played an important role in safeguarding national food supply, disaster relief, price stabilization, and social production However, the grain reserve system of the Qing Dynasty also had drawbacks in terms of management, which ultimately affect ed the sustainable development of the grain reserve system At present, China s grain reserve system also has problems such as poor management, contradiction between administrative regulation and market oriented oper ation, and simplification of grain storage system This paper aims to provide a necessary historical reference for the further improvement of China s grain reserve system by analyzing the grain reserve system of the Qing Dy nasty and comparing the problems existing in China s grain reserve system.