论全球公共产品的中国供给模式

An Analysis of China.s Global Public Goods Delivery Pattern

2012年以来,随着实力与国际影响力显著增强,中国积极参与全球治理成为大势所趋。本文立足中国参与全球治理的实践,分析中国提供全球公共产品的供给模式。一方面,全球公共产品的供给与消费是不对称的,霸权国与崛起国承担更多的国际责任,竞相提供公共产品是增加其领导力的重要方式,而为了争取消费者的认可,其供给策略就需要突出比较优势,并实行差异化供给策略。另一方面,国家的供给能力是有限的,公共投入的轻重缓急顺序应该平衡国际需求与自身优势,方可实现效用最大化。作为负责任的供给方,中国以共商共建方式,积极促进"一带一路"、亚投行、命运共同体等跨区域公共产品建设,有效对接供给与需求。展望未来,以"两个一百年"战略目标为参照,中国全球公共产品的供给模式可以遵循一个"三步走"路线图,塑造具有中国特色的全球治理模式。

China's active participation in global governance has become a trend since 2012 as its power rises rapidly. Based on China's practice and experience, this paper analyzes China's supply mechanism of global public goods. On the one hand, the supply and consumption of global public goods are asymmetric, with the hegemonic powers and rising powers always bearing more international responsibilities. Competing for public goods is an important way to increase their leadership. And in order to win the recognition from consumers, their supply strategies need to highlight comparative advantages and take a different approach. On the other hand, a state's supply capacity is limited, and the priority of public input should balance international demand with its own advantages in order to maximize utility. As a responsible supplier, China has actively promoted the production of cross-regional public goods such as the "Belt and Road Initiative", the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, and a Community of Shared Future for All Humankind, to effectively balance supply and demand. Looking into the future, China will follow a‘three-step’approach to in its supply of global public goods with a view to shape a global governance model with Chinese characteristics.