国内外氢能产业发展现状与思考

The hydrogen industry at home and abroad

氢能在世界能源转型中的角色价值日益受到重视,世界主要发达国家近年纷纷大力支持氢能产业发展。目前,全球主要的制氢方式有天然气重整、重油重整和煤气化,可再生能源发电制氢有望在2030年开始逐步实现商业化。氢的大规模储运高度依赖技术进步和基础设施建设,是氢能产业发展的难点。全球加氢站建设呈加速发展之势,已建成加氢站数量最多的国家有日本、德国、美国、中国。氢燃料电池汽车已在一些国家实现小规模商业化,小型氢燃料电池热电联供装置也成为发达国家备受关注的分布式能源利用技术,相关产业发展最成功的国家是日本。壳牌、BP、道达尔、中国石化和中化等传统能源公司已开始布局氢能业务,有的已取得实质性进展。未来,中国应从战略政策制定、关键技术研发、基础设施建设3方面大力推动氢能产业发展。

Hydrogen energy is playing an increasingly prominent role in the world’s energy transformation and the major developed countries have vigorously supported hydrogen energy industry in recent years. Currently, coal gasifi cation and hydrocarbon steam refrigerate featured with the largest production and lowest cost dominate hydrogen production methods. Hydrogen production by renewables generation is expected to be gradually commercialized from 2030 onwards. The large-scale storage and transportation of hydrogen is highly dependent on technological advance and infrastructure construction, which is the main diffi culty in the hydrogen industry. Countries around the world are accelerating the construction of hydrogen refueling stations. Top four countries with the most hydrogen refueling stations are Japan, Germany, the United States, and China. Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles have been early commercialized in some countries. The fuel cell micro-CHP becomes the focus of distributed energy utilization technology in several developed countries. Japan has the most successful hydrogen industry in the world. Traditional energy companies such as Shell, BP, Total, Sinopec and Sinochem have begun to deploy hydrogen business, and some have made substantial progress. In the future, China should vigorously promote hydrogen industry from such three aspects as strategic policy formulation, key technology research and development, and infrastructure construction.