饲用乳酸菌制剂的开发利用研究进展

Research Progress in Development and Application of Feed Lactic Acid Bacteria Preparations

随着消费者对食品安全的诉求越来越强烈,我国饲料业的"禁抗"呼声越来越盛,因此,寻找"安全、绿色、环保"的饲用抗生素替代产品已成为学者和业界聚焦的研究方向。饲用乳酸菌制剂是一类可以直接饲喂动物的安全、高效的饲料添加剂,其可以通过调节动物肠道微生态平衡、抑制有害菌的定植、降低消化道pH等作用,达到提高动物免疫能力、促进生长和提高饲料利用率等效果。然而,乳酸菌有抗逆性差的特点,导致其在畜禽生产中应用效果不稳定。因此,如何提高饲用乳酸菌制剂的抗逆性,使其更好地发挥饲用效果,也是目前饲用乳酸菌制备工艺研究的热点。此外,饲用乳酸菌的安全性问题也开始引起学者和从业者的重视,避免耐药菌株和携带有致病基因菌株的使用,建立相应的规范与标准,也是行业亟需解决的问题。针对当前乳酸菌制剂的关注热点,本文综述了饲用乳酸菌制剂的抗逆性和安全性研究及其在动物生产中应用的最新研究进展。

With the increasingly strong appeal of consumers for food safety,the“anti-prohibition”voice of China’s feed industry is becoming more and more popular.Therefore,the search for“safe,green and environmentally friendly”feed antibiotic replacement products has become the research direction focused by scholars and the industry.Feed lactic acid bacteria(LAB)preparation is a kind of safe and efficient feed additive that can be directly fed to animals.It can improve animal immunity,growth and feed utilization rate by regulating animal intestinal microecological balance,inhibiting the colonization of harmful bacteria and reducing the pH of digestive tract.However,LAB has the characteristic of poor stress resistance,which leads to its unstable application effect in livestock and poultry production.Therefore,how to improve the stress resistance of feed LAB preparation,so that it can give better play to the feeding effect,is also the focus of current research on the preparation technology of feed LAB.In addition,the safety of feed LAB has also begun to attract the attention of scholars and practitioners.It is also an urgent problem for the industry to avoid the use of drug-resistant strains and strains carrying pathogenic genes and establish corresponding norms and standards.In view of the current focus of LAB preparations,this paper reviewed the research progress on the stress resistance and safety of feed LAB preparations and their application in animal production.