和谐医患关系的心理机制及其促进技术

Theory construction on the psychological mechanism of the harmonious doctor-patient relationship and its promoting technology

基于群体心理研究的相关理论和方法,通过整合医患关系的结构表征与动态建构过程,提出和谐医患关系的心理机制综合模型,主张和谐医患关系的结构可以医疗满意度、医患信任以及医疗方案服从性作为基本的观测指标;和谐医患关系的动态建构过程经由就医前零接触的群际医患关系和医患互动过程中即时性的人际医患关系两大递进性成分相互作用后逐步形成。其中,群际层面和谐医患关系的建构主要受到医患舆情传播、医疗制度信任以及医患群际关系因素(如群际认知偏差、群体认同等)的影响,人际层面和谐医患关系的建构主要受到医患人际信任水平和医患沟通模式(包括信息互动模式与沟通交往模式)的影响。在此基础上,验证并提出和谐医患关系的促进策略。

Based on the related existing research on group psychology,this study presents a comprehensive psychological mechanism model of a harmonious doctor-patient relationship by integrating the structural characterization and dynamic construction process of a doctor-patient relationship.It advocates that,(1)the structure of a harmonious doctor-patient relationship could be regarded as the basic observation index of medical satisfaction,intergroup trust between doctors and patients,and compliance with medical programs,and(2)the dynamic construction process of a harmonious doctor-patient relationship could include the intergroup level doctor-patient relationship that existed before medical treatment and the instant interpersonal level doctor-patient relationship that forms during the process of doctor-patient interaction.These two progressive components interact and integrate into each other gradually.Among them,the construction of the intergroup level harmonious doctor-patient relationship is mainly influenced by the spread of the doctor-patient public opinion,trust in the medical system,and intergroup relationship factors such as intergroup cognitive biases and group identifications.Meanwhile,the interpersonal trust level and communication mode between the doctors and patients mainly influence the construction of an interpersonal level doctor-patient relationship.Based on such theoretical models and empirical research,the strategy of promoting a harmonious doctor-patient relationship is presented.This research has important theoretical significance and practical value in the development and promotion of a harmonious doctor-patient relationship.