基于多维贫困测量的教育脱贫效应研究

Research on the Effect of Education and Its Function of Poverty-Alleviated effect in Multidimensional Poverty Measurement

贫困是相对的,且可以从多个维度进行衡量,健康、生活水平和接受教育程度则是传统的贫困判定指标。本研究在修正了联合国开发署的MPI测度指标后,构建了包含健康、教育、生活水平和社会认同4个维度及15个指标的相对贫困测度指标体系。采用2015年CGSS数据计算出浮动多维贫困阈值下,中国19个集中连片贫困覆盖省份的总体多维贫困指数。将贫困指数分解后,发现在所有阈值下多维贫困深度都大于21.96%,教育和社会认同维度对多维贫困指数的影响高于物质维度。而教育层次对多维贫困具有显著削减作用,其中义务教育的脱贫效应最大,高中教育成为消除多维贫困的转折点。

Poverty eradication is an important factor in achieving economic transformation, both to eliminate absolute economic poverty and to pay attention to relative poverty that can be measured from multiple dimensions. Health, living standards and education are traditional indicators of multidimensional poverty, measuring only the poverty deprivation of the material and capital dimensions. After correcting the MPI measurement indicators of the United Nations Development Program, this study constructed a relative poverty measurement index system that includes four dimensions of health, education, living standards and social identity and 15 indicators. Using the 2015 CGSS data, the overall multidimensional poverty index of 19 provinces with concentrated poverty coverage in China was calculated under the floating multidimensional poverty threshold. Furthermore, we decomposed the poverty index, focusing on the role of education in the occurrence and elimination of poverty. It is found that the current multidimensional poverty has the characteristics of high depth, which is higher than 21. 96% under any threshold. When the multi-dimensional poverty threshold becomes smaller, the multi-dimensional poverty incidence rate and poverty index are higher, and when the standard threshold K = 5, the comprehensive multi-dimensional poverty index is 0. 045, and the poverty rate is 11. 03%. In the multi-dimensional poverty decomposition, the material dimension deprivation rate is far lower than that of educat ions, and the social identity has the second highest contribution to the multidimensional poverty index, but the family energy is relatively scarce. The education level has a significant reduction effect on multi-dimensional poverty. At present, compulsory education has the greatest effect on poverty alleviation. High school education has become a turning point in eliminating multi-dimensional poverty in different periods, and education deprivation has also been affected by the age structure.