饲料中添加玉米蛋白粉或鸡肉粉替代部分鱼粉对卵形鲳鲹生长性能的影响

Effects of Dietary Corn Gluten Meal or Poultry Meal Partially Replacing Fish Meal on Growth Performance of Golden Pompano (Trachinotus ovatus)

本试验旨在饲料中添加玉米蛋白粉或鸡肉粉替代部分鱼粉对卵形鲳鲹生长性能的影响,以确定卵形鲳鲹饲料中鸡肉粉、玉米蛋白粉的适宜添加量。玉米蛋白粉替代鱼粉试验:在饲料中添加不同水平[0(对照)、6.4%、11.8%、17.3%、22.7%、28.1%]的玉米蛋白粉,分别替代0、5%、10%、15%、20%、25%的鱼粉,配制成6种等氮等能的试验饲料,饲喂初始平均体重为(101.70±0.22)g的卵形鲳鲹12周。每种试验饲料投喂4个网箱,每个网箱投放80尾卵形鲳鲹。鸡肉粉替代鱼粉试验:在饲料中添加不同水平[0(对照)、5.2%、10.4%、15.6%、20.8%、26.0%]的鸡肉粉,分别替代0、5%、10%、15%、20%、25%的鱼粉,配制成6种等氮等能的试验饲料,饲喂初始平均体重为(101.03±0.59)g的卵形鲳鲹12周。每种试验饲料投喂4个网箱,每个网箱投放80尾卵形鲳鲹。结果显示:随着玉米蛋白粉替代鱼粉比例的升高,卵形鲳鲹的增重率、特定生长率、蛋白质效率、蛋白质沉积率、脂肪沉积率和能量沉积率均呈先上升后下降的趋势,而饲料系数与摄食率则呈先下降后上升的趋势。与对照组相比,饲料中添加11.8%~17.3%的玉米蛋白粉显著提高了卵形鲳鲹的增重率、特定生长率和蛋白质效率(P<0.05),但饲料中添加28.1%的玉米蛋白粉则显著降低了卵形鲳鲹的增重率、特定生长率、蛋白质效率、蛋白质沉积率、脂肪沉积率、能量沉积率(P<0.05),同时还显著提高了饲料系数和摄食率(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,饲料中添加5.2%~20.8%的鸡肉粉对卵形鲳鲹的增重率、特定生长率、饲料系数、蛋白质效率等生长性能指标均未产生显著影响(P>0.05),而添加26.0%的鸡肉粉则显著降低了增重率、特定生长率、蛋白质效率、蛋白质沉积率、脂肪沉积率、能量沉积率(P<0.05),并显著提高了饲料系数(P<0.05)。综上可知,玉米蛋白粉和鸡肉粉可以替代饲料中部分鱼粉而不会对卵形鲳鲹的生长产生负面影响。基于特定生长率和饲料系数,通过函数模型计算得出卵形鲳鲹饲料中玉米蛋白粉的适宜添加量为10.91%~10.96%,鸡肉粉的适宜添加量为20.80%~21.25%。

Feeding trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary corn gluten meal or poultry meal partially replacing fish meal on growth performance of golden pompano ( Trachinotus ovatus ),and to evaluate the suitable supplemental levels of corn gluten meal as well as poultry meal.Corn gluten meal replacing fish meal trial: six isonitrogenous and isolipidic experimental diets were formulated to contain 0 (control),6.4%,11.8%,17.3%,22.7% and 28.1% corn gluten meal replacing 0,5%,10%,15%,20% and 25% fish meal,respectively.Each experimental diet was randomly fed to 4 net cages of 80 fish in each net cage for 12 weeks,with fish initial body weight of (101.70±0.22) g.Poultry meal replacing fish meal trial: six isonitrogenous and isolipidic experimental diets were formulated to contain 0 (control),5.2%,10.4%,15.6%,20.8% and 26.0% poultry meal replacing 0,5%,10%,15%,20% and 25% fish meal,respectively.Each diet was randomly fed to 4 net cages of 80 fish in each net cage for 12 weeks,with fish initial body weight of (101.03±0.59) g .The results showed that with the proportion of dietary corn gluten meal replacing fish meal increasing,the weight gain rate,specific growth rate,protein efficiency rate,protein retention rate,lipid retention rate and energy retention rate firstly increased and then decreased,while the feed coefficient and feed intake firstly decreased and then increased.Compared with control group,the weight gain rate,specific growth rate and protein efficiency rate of fish fed with 11.8% to 17.3% corn gluten meal diets significantly decreased ( P <0.05),whereas the weight gain rate,specific growth rate,protein efficiency rate,protein retention rate,lipid retention rate and energy retention rate of fish fed with 28.1% corn gluten meal diet significantly decreased ( P < 0.05),meanwhile the feed coefficient and feed intake were significantly increased ( P <0.05).Compared with control group,the growth performance including weight gain rate,specific growth rate,feed coefficient,protein efficiency rate and so on had no significant difference when fish fed with 5.2% to 20.8% poultry meal diets ( P >0.05),while the weight gain rate,specific growth rate,protein efficiency rate protein retention rate,lipid retention rate and energy retention rate of fish fed with 26.0% poultry meal diet significantly decreased ( P <0.05 ).Feed coefficient of fish fed with 26% poultry meal diet was significantly higher than that of fish from control group ( P <0.05),while fish from 5.2% to 20.8% poultry meal groups showed no significant difference ( P >0.05).Therefore,poultry meal and poultry meal can be added in diets to replace partial fish meal for golden pompano without negatively effects on growth.The suitable supplemental levels of corn gluten meal and poultry meal in diets of golden pompano are calculated by function models base on specific growth rate and feed coefficient,and they are 10.91% to 10.96% and 20.80% to 21.25%,respectively.