老年人群生活活动能力测评及影响因素研究

Evaluation of abilities to perform activities of daily living in the elderly population and its influencing factors

目的对老年人生活活动能力进行测量,探讨主要影响因素。方法利用日常生活能力评定量表和工具性日常生活能力评定量表,对≥60岁的1 048位老年人的生活活动能力测量。结果生活满意度、孤独感对基本日常生活能力、工具性日常生活能力有显著影响;年龄和自评健康状况对基本日常生活能力有影响;年龄、运动与否和自评健康状况对工具性日常生活能力有显著影响,而性别、户籍、有无配偶、有无慢性病的、睡眠状况对生活活动能力评分均无统计学意义。结论高龄、心理孤独、健康状况差、不运动的老年人其生活活动能力下降明显。社会和家庭子女应关注生活活动能力下降的老年人的生活满意度及孤独心理,社区居家养老及养老院应加强老年人生活活动能力测量,针对性开展生活照料、医疗护理、精神慰藉,营造老年健康的社会支持和生活环境。

Objective To measure the senior citizen’s ability to perform activities of daily living(ADLs) and to explore the main influencing factors. Methods The ability to perform ADLs of 1 048 senior citizens aged 60 years or more was measured by the ADLs rating scale and the instrumental activities of daily living(IADLs) rating scale. Results Life satisfaction and loneliness had significant influence on basic activities of daily living(BADLs) and IADLs. Age and self-rated health status had influence on BADLs. Age, physical activity and self-assessed health status had significant influence on IADLs, while gender, household registration, presence or absence of spouse, presence or absence of chronic disease and sleep status had no statistical significance on ADL score. Conclusions Senior citizens with advanced age, psychological loneliness, poor health and inactivity had significantly decreased ability to perform ADLs. The society and children should pay close attention to the life satisfaction and loneliness of the senior citizens with declining ADLs ability. The community home care for the aged and nursing homes should strengthen the measurement of the senior citizen’s ability to perform ADLs, carry out targeted life care, medical care, spiritual comfort, and create a healthy social support and living environment for the senior citizens.