从学术行为视角探讨博士生国家奖学金的评选标准问题

The Criteria of National Scholarship for Doctoral Students——From the Perspective of the Academic Behavior

国家奖学金作为博士生培养过程中重要的一项激励措施,其评选标准影响着博士生的学术行为,关系到博士培养质量。当前国家奖学金的评选标准细分为国家、院校、系所三个层面,在承担直接评选的系所层面,呈现出“重科研成果”“依据科研成果的层次与等级差额赋分”“采用数量相乘累加计总”三大特点。现有国家奖学金评选标准让博士生学术投入时间增多、重视产出,但也使得博士生学术投机行为增多、潜心研究的耐心降低、学位论文有效投入减少。化解现有国奖评选标准带来的问题,需实现评价标准从学术成果的量化累加转向代表作评价,给予基础研究成果更高的加权系数,强化小论文与博士论文的关联程度。

National scholarship as an important incentive doctoral training,its selection criteria affect the academic behavior of doctoral students,and are related to their quality.At present,the criteria are divided into three levels:the state,colleges and departments.At the departments level that undertakes the direct selection,they present“emphasis on scientific research achievements”,“depending on the levels and grades of scientific research achievements”and“computing points according to the summation of scientific research achievements”.The existing national scholarship selection standard stimulates doctoral students to invest more time in academic research and attach importance to output,but it also makes them more academic speculation,less patient of dedicated research.The effective input is reduced.In order to resolve the problems,it is necessary to change the evaluation criteria from quantitative accumulation of academic achievements to representative work evaluation,to give higher weight to basic research results,and to strengthen the degree of relevance between small papers and doctoral papers.