农村孝道式微的政治经济学分析

Political Economics Analysis of the Decline of Rural Filial Piety

借鉴新政治经济学中的制度主义范式分析农村孝道的本质及维持机制,可知孝道是父子间“抚养-赡养契约”的产物,孝道是降低父子间交易费用的产物,孝道是降低父辈养儿防老委托代理风险的产物,孝道是维持封建社会稳固的意识形态产物;农村孝道在制度上依赖于家长所有制的财产所有权、奖孝罚不孝的政治法律制度、表彰孝行的意识形态教化的巩固。农村孝道式微的原因在于现代化的经济、政治及意识形态瓦解了农村孝道存在的经济、政治和文化基础。农村孝道重建的政治经济学途径在于建立农民养老金制和农民医疗保险,增加农民孝行的经济政治收益,培养农民对家的情感归属。

Drawing lessons from the new institutionalism paradigm in political economics to make an analysis of the nature of rural filial piety and mechanism maintenance,it can be known that filial piety is the product of raising-support contract between father and son,a product to reduce transaction cost between father and son,and a product to reduce the parents’ principal-agent risk in supporting their sons. In addition, the rural filial piety is also an ideological product to maintain the solidness of the feudal society. In terms of system,rural filial piety relies on the property ownership of parental ownership,the political and legal system that rewards filial piety and punishes un-filial piety and the ideological cultivation that commends filial piety. The reason for the decline of rural filial piety might be that modern economy,politics and ideology have disintegrated the economic,political and cultural foundation of rural filial piety. The reconstruction way of political economics of rural filial piety lies in establishing endowment fund system and medical insurance for farmers,increasing the economic and political benefits of filial piety and cultivating farmers’ emotional attachment to their families.