国外公路交通气象研究进展

Advance on highway traffic meteorological research in foreign country

开展公路交通气象监测预报预警服务工作是实现公路交通安全和畅通的有效保障。文中重点回顾了国外在道路天气信息系统(Road weather information system,RWIS)选址布设、路面温度与状况预报以及交通气象影响和评估技术领域的研究工作进展,比较了以上研究工作的优缺点的同时,展望了未来发展趋势。通过研究得出:国外公路交通气象研究考虑信息丰富,方法多样。RWIS选址和优化技术由经验性和定性研究逐步向定量化的方向发展。路面温度与状况预报技术侧重于基于地表能量辐射平衡理论的数值模式预报方法改进和概率预报技术研究。交通气象影响评估技术趋向于风险预报技术和应用研究。对开展国内公路交通气象技术研究工作具有参考价值。

The safety of road transportation can be assured with weather monitoring,forecasting and early warning.This paper largely reviews the development of international research on siting of the Road weather information system(RWIS),road temperature & condition prediction,and impact assessment of transport meteorology.In the meanwhile,the advantage and disadvantage for above-mentioned researches are compared.Then,their future development trends are discussed.Finally,it comes to the conclusion that the abundant data and diverse methods are used on international research for road traffic meteorology.To be specific,the research on RWIS siting develops from the empirical and qualitative approaches to quantitative approaches.The research on road temperature and condition prediction mainly focuses on the improvements of numerical models based on surface radiation balance theory and application of probabilistic forecast.The impact assessment of traffic meteorology tends to develop the risk prediction technique and its application.This paper aims at providing some useful information for the development of technologies for highway traffic meteorology in China.