森林生态系统水文调节功能及机制研究进展

A review on hydrological mediating functions and mechanisms in forest ecosystems

本研究从森林生态系统的水文过程出发,介绍了其相关概念及发展史,总结了目前森林生态水文学的研究成果,对森林生态系统不同界面层(林冠层、枯落物层及土壤层)的水文过程、影响因素及生态水文模型等方面的国内外研究进展进行了系统的阐述,同时也对森林生态系统的水土保持、水质净化和物质循环过程进行了归纳和总结。目前的研究还需要从以下几方面加以深入:(1)森林生态系统不同界面层(林冠层、枯落物层及土壤层)功能性状与环境因子对流域水分储蓄、循环、入渗与产流过程的影响及其机理;(2)森林生态系统水土保持、水质净化、元素循环三者之间耦合机制方面的研究;(3)森林生态系统的水文过程与能量流动、物质循环之间的相互关系;(4)在时间尺度和流域尺度上研究森林生态系统生态水文过程的变化情况。因此,今后的研究应加强对森林生态系统多学科、多尺度的综合研究,同时要结合现代高新技术方法来研究不同植被类型的功能性状对水文过程的影响及其机制,为森林生态系统的管理提供科学依据。

With the ecohydrological processes of forest ecosystems as the research focus,we introduced the relevant concepts and development to give a review on the topic. We discussed the ecohydrological processes,influencing factors and ecohydrological models of different interface layers( canopy,litter layer and soil layer) in forest ecosystems. We also reviewed the evapotranspiration process,soil and water conservation,water quality purification and material cycling process. Future studies should address the following issues:( 1) The effects of functional traits and environmental factors in different interface layers on water saving,circulation,infiltration and runoff process,and the underlying mechanisms.( 2) The coupling mechanisms of soil and water conservation, water quality purification, and element cycling.( 3) The relationship between ecohydrological processes and energy flow and material cycling.( 4) The ecohydrological processes should be studied on temporal and/or watershed scale( s). Overall,the future research should strengthen the multi-disciplinary,multi-field and multi-scale integrated research on forest ecosystems. Combining the modern high-tech approaches to examine the effects of the functional traits of different vegetation types on ecohydrological processes and mechanisms will provide a scientific support for the management of forest ecosystems.