企业海外合规经营的问题与对策研究——以中国石油公司在哈萨克斯坦投资为例

Research on Compliance of Multinational Management of Chinese Enterprises——the Case of Chinese Oil Companies’ Outward Foreign Direct Investment in Kazakhstan

2018年底,《企业境外经营合规管理指引》的发布实施表明中国企业在对外投资过程中,海外合规经营风险受到广泛关注。自1993年以来,我国成为石油净进口国,近年来增长趋势更为明显。在国内石油等能源消费量急剧增加、对石油进口的依存度持续偏高的情况下,中国石油公司实施能源多元化发展战略,积极拓展海外油田开发业务。哈萨克斯坦不仅是我国在中亚地区的第一大贸易伙伴,也是“一带一路”沿线国家的第一大投资对象国,中哈良好的战略伙伴关系极大程度上鼓励了中国企业在哈萨克斯坦的投资活动,虽然中国石油公司早已迈出“走出去”的关键一步,但海外拓展依然困难重重。要想真正在激烈的国际竞争中拥有一席之地,企业海外合规经营是行稳致远的第一要务。本文采用PEST模型分析了中国石油公司在哈萨克斯坦投资的宏观环境,基于波特五力模型提出了中国石油公司的竞争优势,考察了中国石油公司对哈投资所面临的挑战,最后针对潜在的投资风险提出促进中国石油公司对外直接投资的政策建议。

The release of the Guidelines on Compliance Management of Enterprises Overseas Operations indicated that in the process of outward foreign direct investment,Chinese enterprises'overseas compliance risks are widely concerned.China has become a net oil importer country since 1993,with a more obvious growth tendency in recent years.Facing the huge oil consumption demand and the high dependence on oil imports,Chinese oil companies are going to implement the national strategy of diversifying energy and actively expand overseas oilfield development business.Kazakhstan is not only China's largest trading partner in central Asia,but also the largest investment destination.Although Chinese oil companies have already taken the key step of going global,it’s still difficult for them to expand overseas.In order to survive in the increasingly fierce international energy competition,they have to adopt strategies and deal with them flexibly.This paper analyzes the macro environment of investment in Kazakhstan with the PEST model.Based on Porter’s Five forces model,it presents the competitive advantage of Chinese oil companies.Then,from the perspective of geopolitics we investigate the challenges faced by Chinese oil companies when investing in Kazakhstan.Finally,we provide suggestions which could help Chinese oil companies to forecast and to reduce risks in outward foreign direct investment.