中国侨务公共外交的历史、机制与趋势分析

An Analysis of the History, Mechanism and Trend of China’s Overseas Affairs Public Diplomacy

在经济全球化背景下,海外移民成为一国外交的重要依靠力量。作为一个侨务资源大国,中国历来重视海外华侨华人在公共外交中的独特优势,并以侨务公共外交来服务自身的和平发展战略。根据华侨华人目标群体的社会属性及其与中国联动的历史实践,侨务公共外交可分为文化外交、媒体外交和公关外交三种实践形式。基于公共外交的发展规律及华人社会的变迁,未来中国侨务公共外交将在三个层面上发展:一是思维层面,从强调单一的国家利益转向国家利益与“人类命运共同体”并重的价值导向;二是体制层面,从“撞球”结构转向“蛛状”网络结构;三是实践层面,从官方主导的民间双向非平衡对话路径转向官方—民间多元主体双向平衡对话路径。侨务公共外交需有效探求侨务工作与(新)公共外交的战略连接点,在支持中国大国外交的同时也与其他侨务资源国家共享“中国方案”。

Under the background of economic globalization, overseas immigrants have become an important force in a country’s diplomacy. As a big country of overseas Chinese affairs resources, China has always attached great importance to the unique advantages of overseas Chinese in public diplomacy, and used overseas Chinese public diplomacy to serve its own peaceful development strategy. According to the social attributes of the target groups of overseas Chinese and their historical practice of linkage with China, public diplomacy for overseas Chinese affairs can be divided into three practical forms: cultural diplomacy, media diplomacy and public relations diplomacy. Based on the law of development of public diplomacy and the changes of Chinese society, the future development of Chinese overseas Chinese public diplomacy will be in three levels. The first is the thinking level from emphasizing the single national interest to the value orientation of laying equal stressing on national interest and “community of human destiny”. The second is the system level from the “collision ball” structure to the “spider” network structure. The third is the practical level from the official-led two-way non-balanced dialogue path to the official-folk multi-subject two-way balanced dialogue path. Overseas Chinese public diplomacy needs to effectively explore the strategic links between overseas Chinese work and (new) public diplomacy, and share the “China Program” with other countries with overseas Chinese resources while supporting the diplomacy of China’s major powers.