长沙市儿童青少年血压偏高现况及其影响因素

Analysis of the current status of high blood pressure in children and adolescents in Changsha City and its influencing factors

目的了解长沙市儿童青少年血压偏高现状及其影响因素。方法数据来源于“全国学生常见病及健康危险因素监测”调查,共12所学校2927名学生。采用χ2分析进行血压偏高患病率的单因素分析,采用二元Logistic回归进行多因素分析。结果长沙市男性儿童青少年血压偏高患病率27.48%,女性为28.37%。多因素分析结果显示,初中(OR=1.57,95%CI:1.20~2.05)、高中/职高(OR=1.45,95%CI:1.04~2.01)、超重(OR=1.66,95%CI:1.24~2.23)、肥胖(OR=2.69,95%CI:1.87~3.87)是男性儿童青少年血压偏高的危险因素。超重(OR=1.56,95%CI:1.10~2.22)、肥胖(OR=1.64,95%CI:1.02~2.65)、郊区(OR=1.45,95%CI:1.15~1.84)是女性儿童青少年血压偏高的危险因素。结论长沙市儿童青少年血压偏高患病率高,呈广泛流行趋势,应加强儿童青少年高血压防治,特别是初高中、超重、肥胖的儿童青少年。

Objective To understand the current epidemic status of high blood pressure in children and adolescents in Changsha City and its influencing factors. Methods Data was from the survey of National Common Diseases and Health Risk Factors Monitoring. A total of 2 927 students from 12 schools were surveyed.χ 2 analysis was carried out to analyze single factors of high blood pressure. Binary Logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis. Results The prevalence of high blood pressure in children and adolescents was 27.48% in the male and 28.37% in the female. Multivariate analysis showed that middle school ( OR =1.57,95% CI :1.20~2.05), high school ( OR =1.45,95% CI :1.04~2.01), overweight ( OR =1.66,95% CI :1.24~2.23), and obesity ( OR =2.69,95% CI : 1.87~3.87) were the risk factors for high blood pressure in male children and adolescents, while overweight ( OR =1.56,95% CI :1.10~2.22), obesity ( OR =1.64,95% CI :1.02~2.65), and rural area ( OR =1.45,95% CI :1.15~1.84) were the risk factors for high blood pressure in female children and adolescents. Conclusion The prevalence of high blood pressure of children and adolescents in Changsha City was high, showing a widespread trend. Effective measures should be taken to prevent and control hypertension in children and adolescents, especially in those in middle school and high school with overweight and obesity.