贸易壁垒视角下的欧盟《一般数据保护条例》

EU General Data Protection Regulation from the Perspective of Trade Barriers

欧盟GDPR着力于自然人基本权利保护和内部统一市场构建,但对非欧盟国家而言,它具有贸易保护主义的实际效果,构成数字经济时代的新型贸易壁垒。GDPR一系列复杂而周密的制度安排,抬高市场准入门槛,产生扩张性的域外适用,强化了欧盟个人数据保护制度输出的影响力,进而深刻影响国际数据治理格局。美国为化解欧盟数据立法产生的贸易壁垒,一方面通过双边协议与欧盟达成妥协,另一方面试图通过区域协议与欧盟争夺国际话语权。中国目前还无法仿效美国从双边和区域层面作出有效应对,当务之急是构建符合国际立法趋势和我国现实需求的个人信息保护法。

EU GDPR focuses on the protection of the basic rights of natural persons and the construction of an internal unified market.However,for non-EU countries,it has the practical effect of trade protectionism,and constitutes a new trade barrier in the era of digital economy.A series of complex and well-organized rule arrangements of GDPR raises the threshold for market entry,creates expansive extraterritorial application,and strengthens the influence of the output of the EU personal data protection system,thus profoundly affecting the international data governance landscape.In order to resolve the trade barriers arising from EU data legislation,the United States has reached a compromise with the EU through bilateral agreements on the one hand,and tried to compete with the EU for international discourse through regional agreements on the other.China is still unable to follow the example of effective response from the United States at the bilateral and regional levels.It is imperative to construct a personal information protection law that meets the international legislative trends and the actual needs of our country.