薄壳山核桃‘Mahan’品种果实动态发育分析及营养物质积累规律研究

Dynamic development and nutrient accumulation regularity in Carya illinoensis ‘Mahan’ nut

为了解薄壳山核桃果实发育规律,从而为其果实品质的提升或果实形成机理的研究提供参考依据,以薄壳山核桃‘Mahan’品种为试验材料,对其果实不同发育时期的果实大小、果实质量、种仁营养成分和脂肪酸组成进行了测定和分析。测定结果表明:果实大小和质量基本呈现缓慢增加—迅速增加—缓慢增加的趋势,果实大小和质量均出现了3~4个生长高峰,粗脂肪含量整体呈现逐步上升的趋势,蛋白质和可溶性糖含量呈整体逐步下降趋势;脂肪酸组分间存在相互转化的关系,油酸和硬脂酸含量均呈上升趋势,但硬脂酸的上升幅度不是很大,亚油酸和亚麻酸含量均表现出先增加后又逐渐减少的趋势,花生酸和棕榈酸含量随着果实不断发育都表现出逐步降低的趋势;顺-11-二十碳烯酸含量在果实发育过程中的变化不是很大。分析结果表明:果实大小的发育规律大致可以分为4个时期,雌花授粉后121~160d为种仁成熟、营养物质累积和脂肪酸组分转化的关键时期,也是果实品质改善的关键时期。

In order to learn development regularity of Carya illinoensis nut, and to provide some references for studies on nut quality improvement and its formation mechanism, we used C. illinoensis ‘Mahan’ as materials, and measured and analyzed nut size, nut quality, kernel nutrition and fatty acid composition at different nut development stages. The results showed that nut size and quality basically presented a trend of slow increase - rapid increase - slow increase, with 3 or 4 growth peaks. Overall crude fat content showed a trend of gradual increase. Protein and soluble sugar contents presented a trend of gradual decrease. Fatty acid components showed a relationship of mutual transformation. Contents of oleic acid and stearic acid showed a increased trend, however increase of stearic acid content was not significant. Contents of linoleic acid and linolenic acid were firstly increased and then were gradually decreased. Contents of arachic acid and cetylic acid showed a trend of gradual decrease with nut developing. Cis-11-eicosanoic acid did not change much during nut developing. In conclusion, nut size development could be roughly divided into four periods, the period of 121- 160 d after female flowers were pollinated was the key period for kernel maturation, nutrient accumulation and fatty acid composition transformation, as well as improving nut quality.