清代花部戏研究的回顾与展望

A Review and Prospect of the Study of Huabu Opera in Qing Dynasty

"花雅之争"持续了长达数百年,是清代曲坛的核心事件。以昆曲为代表的"雅部"日渐式微,而昆曲之外的地方戏合称"花部",成为雍正时期直到清末戏曲艺术的主流,在中国戏曲史上的重要性不言而喻。清代花部戏的发展留下了足堪深思的戏剧史经验,却是戏曲研究中最薄弱的一环,主要表现在:第一,花部戏曲家底尚不清楚,海内外所藏花部文献未得到应有重视;第二,整体性研究缺失,细部研究不足;第三,花部演剧研究薄弱。基于此,当代学术视野下的清代花部戏曲研究,可建立在对花部文献蒐集、编目、解题三步骤摸清家底基础上,从剧本、剧种、演剧三方面深入开掘。

"The debate of Huabu and Yabu" lasted for hundreds of years, which was the core event of the opera circle in Qing Dynasty. The "Yabu" represented by Kunqu Opera was declining day by day, while the local operas besides Kunqu Opera, combined as "Huabu",became the mainstream of the opera art from Yongzheng period to the end of the Qing Dynasty, and its importance in the history of Chinese opera was self-evident. The development of Huabu Opera in Qing Dynasty has undergone much thought-provoking experience in the history of opera, but much more academic attention should be paid in the following fields: first, the detailed documents and the resources of Huabu Opera domestically and overseas;second, the integrated and detailed studies;third, performance studies;fourth, the documents and archives of Huabu Opera collected abroad. Based on the above-mentioned lacking, contemporary studies on the scripts, different troupes and performances of Huabu opera should be explored in depth on the basis of collecting, cataloguing and resources studying of Huabu opera.