NaCl处理对不同珊瑚菜种源光合生理和药用有效成分的影响

Effects of NaCl stress on photosynthetic physiology and active component of different Glehnia littoralis provenance

为筛选适宜在沿海滩涂高盐土壤种植的珊瑚菜(Glehnia littoralis Fr. Schmidt ex Miq.)种源,以长海、赤峰、安国(CK)、威海、青岛、莱阳、日照、平潭、深圳9个珊瑚菜种源根插苗为试验材料,采用盐水浇灌法研究NaCl(5 000 mg/L)处理对不同来源珊瑚菜叶片光合生理特性、根系生长和根部有效成分的影响,以去离子水浇灌为对照组。结果表明:随着NaCl胁迫时间的延长,赤峰、安国、莱阳3个种源叶片净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和气孔导度(Gs)均呈现逐步下降的趋势,胞间CO2浓度(Ci)呈逐步上升的趋势;长海、威海、青岛、日照、平潭、深圳6个种源叶片Pn、Tr和Gs均出现先升高后降低的趋势,Ci呈现“升高-降低-升高”趋势;NaCl胁迫处理后21 d,赤峰、莱阳2个种源叶片的光合指标与对照种源(安国)差异不显著,长海、威海、青岛、日照、平潭、深圳6个种源叶片的Pn、Tr、Gs和Ci均显著高于对照种源。NaCl处理后21 d,9个种源叶片叶绿素的相对含量(SPAD)和最大光化学效率Fv/Fm均达到最低值,9个种源叶片的SPAD及7个种源(除威海和日照外)的Fv/Fm均显著高于对照组。NaCl胁迫处理后21 d,日照种源叶片Pn、Tr、Gs、Ci、Fv/Fm和SPAD受NaCl胁迫的影响最小。经NaCl胁迫处理后,长海、威海、青岛、日照、平潭、深圳6个种源的须根系和主根的干物质质量与对照组差异不显著,而安国、赤峰、莱阳3个种源的须根系和主根的干物质质量显著低于对照组。经NaCl胁迫处理后,威海、日照、平潭、安国和青岛种源根部的补骨脂素含量均显著高于对照组,赤峰、莱阳、深圳和长海种源根部的补骨脂素含量均显著低于对照组,威海、日照和青岛种源根部的欧前胡素含量显著高于对照组,日照、平潭、青岛和深圳种源根部的异欧前胡素含量显著高于对照组,威海、安国、赤峰、莱阳和长海种源根部的异欧前胡素含量显著低于对照组。综合分析结果显示,日照种源受盐胁迫的影响最小,在沿海滩涂地区具有一定的推广潜力。

In order to confirm suitable provenance of Glehnia littoralis for planting in intertidal zone, taking cuttings of Glehnia littoralis from Changhai, Chifeng, Anguo (CK), Weihai, Qingdao, Laiyang, Rizhao, Pingtan and Shenzhen as experimental materials, effects of 5 000 mg/L NaCl treatment on photosynthetic physiological characteristics of leaf, root growth and accumulation of active component of root of Glehnia littoralis from different provenances were studied by salt watering method, and deionized water irrigation was used as control. The results showed that with prolonging of treatment time, net photosynthetic ( P n ), stomatal conductance ( G s ) and transpiration rate ( T r ) of Glehnia littorali s leaves from Anguo, Chifeng and Laiyang decreased, but intercellular CO 2 concentration ( C i ) increased. P n , T r and G s of Glehnia littorali s leaves from Changhai, Weihai, Qingdao, Rizhao, Pingtan and Shenzhen appeared the changing trend of “increasing-decreasing”, and C i appeared the changing trend of “increasing-decreasing-increasing”. The photosynthetic parameters of Glehnia littorali s leaves from Chifeng and Laiyang had no significant difference with those of control (Anguo), and P n , T r , C i and G s of leaves from Changhai, Weihai, Qingdao, Rizhao, Pingtan and Shenzhen after treating 21 d by NaCl were significantly higher than those from Anguo. When treating for 21 d, chlorophyll relative content ( SPAD ) and maximal photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ( F v / F m ) reach the valley value, and the SPAD of nine provenances and the F v / F m of seven provenances except Weihai and Rizhao were significantly higher than those of control. When treating for 21 d, P n , T r , G s , C i , F v / F m and SPAD of Glehnia littorali s leaves from Rizhao were minimized by NaCl stress, and dry weight of fibrous root system of Glehnia littoralis from six provenances (Changhai, Weihai, Qingdao, Rizhao, Pingtan and Shenzhen) had no significant difference with control groups, while dry weight of taproot of Glehnia littoralis from Anguo, Chifeng and Laiyang was significantly lower than that of control. The psoralen contents in the Glehnia littoralis root from Weihai, Rizhao, Pingtan, Anguo and Qingdao after treating 21 d by NaCl were significantly higher than those of the control, while psoralen contents in Glehnia littoralis root from Chifeng, Laiyang, Shenzhen and Changhai were significantly lower than those of the control. The imperatorin contents of Glehnia littoralis root from Weihai, Rizhao and Qingdao and isoimperatorin content of Glehnia littoralis root from Rizhao, Pingtan, Shenzhen and Qingdao were significantly higher than those of the control. The isoimperatorin contents of Glehnia littoralis root from Weihai, Anguo, Chifeng, Laiyang and Changhai were significantly lower than those of the control. In addition, Glehnia littoralis from Rizhao had a certain salt tolerance and was suitable for planting in intertidal zone.