公共服务设施布局优化模型研究进展与展望

RESEARCH PROGRESS AND PROSPECT OF PUBLIC SERVICE FACILITIES LAYOUT OPTIMIZATION MODELS

对国内外公共服务设施布局优化的主要模型方法进行总结和梳理,概括了公共服务设施布局优化研究方法的主要类型及特性。其主要类型包括经典区位分配模型及其发展形式、公平最大化模型、多目标规划模型、动态和随机区位模型、多等级设施区位模型。并从优化目标、设藏选择行为假设、规划期内的需求变化、对设施等级和规模的关注以及对现状设施资源的考虑5个方面对模型的应用前景及未来可能发展方向进行评述和展望,以期促进公共服务设施布局优化模型在我国的应用及发展。

This paper first reviews primary research progress of spatial layout optimization models of public service facilities at home and abroad.Main types of optimization models and their primary characteristics are briefly summarized and compared,including classic location-allocation models and relevant development forms,maximum equity models,multi-objective models,dynamic and stochastic location models,and hierarchical facilities location models.The comments and research prospects of these models are stated in terms of optimization objectives,assumptions on facility-selecting activities,demand variation within planning period,processing of hierarchy and size of facilities,and processing of existing facility resources.This paper is expected to be beneficial to the application and development of public service facilities spatial optimization models in China.