改革开放40年:中国“放管服”改革的理论逻辑与实践探索

40 Years of Reform and Opening Up:the Theoretical Logic and Practical Exploration of “Delegation,Regulation and Service” in China

自20世纪70年代起,为适应社会主义市场化改革的要求,中国开启了行政体制改革“波澜壮阔”的历程。党的十八大以来,中国“放管服”改革作为行政体制改革的核心,已经成为全面深化改革的“当头炮”、政府职能转变的“先手棋”。从改革的逻辑动因看,“放管服”改革适应了经济发展新常态、深化了制度供给侧结构性改革、助推了高质量发展等,并秉承了以人民为中心的发展思想,丰富和发展了新时代中国特色社会主义政治经济学理论体系。从取得基本经验看,“放管服”改革的成功在于紧紧围绕发挥市场决定性作用和更好发挥政府作用、始终坚持增强改革的系统性整体性协同性、尊重基层首创精神的宝贵经验。但是,当前中国“放管服”改革仍然面临着政策落实不到位和社会参与度不够、法律法规制度建设滞后、政府监管服务效能依然不高等一系列现实挑战。站在改革开放40年的新起点,为进一步适应中国特色社会主义进入新时代的新要求,满足人民日益增长美好生活需要,客观上要求中国“放管服”改革仍需不断深化,改革永远在路上。

Since the 1970s, China has embarked on a “surging forward” course of administrative system reform to meet the requirements of socialist market-oriented reform. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China's reform of delegating administrative powers and services, as the core of the reform of the administrative system, has become the "first fire" of comprehensively deepening reform and the “first move” of transforming government functions. From the perspective of the logical motivation of reform, the reform of “delegating, regulating and serving” adapts to the new normal of economic development, deepens the supply-side structural reform of the system, and promotes high-quality development. It also inherits the people-centered development thought, and enriches and develops the theoretical system of political economics of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era. Based on the basic experience we have gained, the success of the reform of delegating, regulating and serving lies in the valuable experience we have gained in giving full play to the decisive role of the market and the role of the government, in making the reform more systematic, integrated and coordinated, in continuing to optimize the structure of government organizations, and in respecting the initiative of the grassroots. However, China's current reform of “delegating, regulating and serving” still faces a series of practical challenges, including incomplete policy implementation and insufficient social participation, lagging construction of laws and regulations, and ineffective government supervision and service. Standing at the new starting point of 40 years' reform and opening up, in order to further adapt to the new requirements of socialism with Chinese characteristics by entering a new era and to meet the people's evergrowing needs for a better life, it objectively requires that China's reform of “delegation, regulation and service” need to be deepened more, and the reform will be always on the road.