新中国成立70年人口流动的社会变迁

Social Changes of Population Flow in the Seventy Anniversary since the Founding of People’s Republic of China

经历了改革开放40周年,今年是新中国成立70周年,70年来我国人口流动和迁移的形式也体现出阶段性的特点:改革开放前,人口流动和迁移的主要力量是行政力量;改革开放后,市场力量逐渐成为驱动人口迁移流动的主要力量,流动人口总量也大幅增加。进入新时期以来,我国流动人口的形势出现了新的转变:第一,"内陆沿海"地区的流动格局在逐渐松动,人口出现了向内陆地区"回流"现象;第二,青壮年成为流动人口的主力,并倾向于长距离、跨省流动;第三,流动人口流动的最主要的动因是工作和就业,属于发展型流动;第四,流动人口越来越倾向于常住某个地区,"流而不动"成为新的特点,且存在个体流动向家庭流动转变。此外,改善流动农民工的权益,消除流动人口与户籍人口的区隔,有效促进农村留守儿童的健康成长等,也成为我国当前人口流动形势下面临的巨大挑战,这需要在政策制定和经济规划方面统筹协调,关注重点人群,更好地服务流动人口各项工作。

After the milestone of the fortieth anniversary of reform and opening up and the Seventieth Anniversary of the founding of PRC, the forms of population mobility and migration in China illustrate various characteristics in different stages. Before 1978, the main force of population migration and migration is administrative force. However, after the reform and opening up, market force has gradually become the main force driving population flow and migration. During this period, the total amount of floating population has increased substantially. Since entering the new era, the situation of the floating population in China has undergone new changes. Firstly, the flow pattern of the Inland-to-Coastal areas is gradually loosening, while large scale of the floating population have returned to the Inland areas. Secondly, young and middle-aged people become the major components of the floating population, tending to move over long distances and across provinces. Thirdly, the dominant motivation of the floating population is work and employment, which belongs to development-oriented mobility. Lastly, the floating population is more likely to live in a certain place,"flow without movement"has become a new feature, and there is a transition from individual flow to family flow. In addition, improving the rights and interests of migrant workers, eliminating the gap between migrant population and household registration population, and effectively promoting the healthy growth of left-behind children in rural areas have also become a great challenge in the current situation of population mobility in China. This requires overall coordination in policy formulation and economic planning, focusing on key groups, and better serving the work of the floating population.