低压配电系统短路故障保护方法综述

Review of Short Circuit Fault Protection Methods in Low Voltage Distribution System

随着分布式电源与直流负载的大量接入,低压配电网的规模不断扩大,网络结构日益复杂化,低压配电系统对供电质量、供电连续性与可靠性提出了更高的要求。短路故障是低压配电系统最常见的故障类型之一,实现有效的短路故障保护是保障系统安全、稳定运行的关键。将低压配电系统分成交流、直流及交直流混合配电系统,阐述了不同配电系统的基本特性与短路故障保护原理,并对其故障保护方法的国内外研究现状分别进行归纳总结;详细分析了不同保护方法的特点,并指出其存在的问题;最后,根据目前不同配电系统的短路故障特性,结合低压配电系统故障保护的现状与发展趋势,对低压短路故障保护技术的研究方向提出展望。

With the large access of distributed power supply and DC load,the scale of low voltage distribution network is expanding,and the network structure is becoming more complex,that the low voltage distribution system should put forward higher requirements for power supply quality,power supply continuity and reliability.The shortcircuit fault is one of the most common fault types in low voltage distribution system.Realizing effective short-circuit fault protection is the key to ensure the safe and stable operation of the system.In this paper,the low voltage distribution system is divided into AC,DC and AC/DC hybrid distribution systems,the basic characteristics of different distribution systems and the principle of short circuit fault protection are described,and the research status of fault protection methods at home and abroad is summarized respectively.The characteristics of different protection methods are analyzed,and the existing problems are pointed out.Finally,according to the short circuit fault characteristics of different distribution systems at present,combined with the present situation and development trend of low voltage distribution system fault protection,the research direction of short circuit fault protection technology in the future is put forward.