新中国70年人权研究历程及理论面向

History and Theoretical Orientation of Chinese Human Rights Research in the Past 70 Years

新中国70年人权理论研究根植于社会特定的物质生活条件中。经历了以实质平等为导向,由实践到规范研究的蓬勃开展到革命话语下逐步遮蔽的奠基阶段;从思想破除遮蔽到以问题导向对话和沟通的探索式研究初创阶段;从生存权和发展权提出到理论争鸣实现人权入宪的研究深入阶段;从主体反思和论域扩展到人类命运共同体阐发的人权体系成熟阶段。这一历程中,马克思主义人权思想贯穿于主体塑造、价值追求、破除藩篱的理论探索,党带领人民不断解放思想形成中国特色人权理论实践面向,人权理论面向古今中外渊源生发机制反复追问,逐步成为中国特色人权理论三大支柱。新时代人权理论研究面向三大命题:马克思主义人权理论中国化和民族化的深化发展,“以人民为中心”“美好生活”“人类命运共同体”的理论阐释和话语表达,古今中外人权理论研究成果的交流互鉴。

The 70-year study of human rights theory in New China is rooted in the specific material living conditions of the society. It has gone through the stage of foundation laying, which is guided by substantive equality, from the vigorous development of practice to normative research to the gradual shelter under the revolutionary discourse;from the stage of breaking the shelter of thought to the stage of exploratory research of problem-oriented dialogue and communication;from the proposition of the right to subsistence and development to the stage of deep research on the realization of human rights in the constitution through theoretical arguments;from the main body reflection and the field of discourse to the common destiny of mankind. The mature stage of the human rights system expounded in detail. In this process, Marxist human rights thought runs through the theoretical exploration of shaping subject, pursuing value and breaking down barriers. The Party leads the people to emancipate their minds and form the theoretical and practical orientation of human rights with Chinese characteristics. The human rights theory faces repeated questioning of the origin and development mechanism of ancient and modern China and foreign countries, and gradually forms the three pillars of human rights theory with Chinese characteristics. The study of human rights theory in the new era faces three major propositions: the deepening development of the Sinicization and Nationalization of Marxist human rights theory, the theoretical interpretation and discourse expression of "people-centered", "good life", "community of human destiny", and in the exchange and mutual learning of research achievements on human rights theory at all times and in all countries.