二甲双胍治疗妊娠期糖尿病对血糖及母婴结局的影响

Effect of metformin on blood glucose and maternal and fetal outcomes of patients with gestational diabetes mellitus

目的观察评价分析二甲双胍治疗妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)对血糖及母婴结局的影响。方法选择2016年3月至2018年10月期间罗定市妇幼保健院产科收治的妊娠合并糖尿病患者82例,并随机分为两组,对照组41例给予常规胰岛素治疗,观察组41例给予二甲双胍治疗,并对比分析两组的临床效果。结果观察组产妇妊娠并发症发生率为2.44%,明显低于对照组的24.39%(χ^2=8.504,P=0.004);观察组黄疸病、巨大胎儿发生率均显著地低于对照组(χ^2=4.100、4.100,P<0.05),而两组低血糖、胎儿畸形、呼吸窘迫发生率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论二甲双胍治疗妊娠合并糖尿病(GDM)能够有效地控制血糖,用药安全性高,降低孕产妇及新生儿的并发症发生率,并显著地改善母婴结局,值得临床大力推广应用。

Objective To observe and evaluate the effect of metformin on blood glucose and maternal and fetal outcomes of patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods A total of 82 pregnant women with diabetes mellitus admitted to the obstetrics department of Luoding Maternal and Child Health Hospital from March 2016 to October 2018 were enrolled. They were randomly divided into two groups. 41 cases of the control group were given conventional insulin therapy;41 cases of the observation group were treated with metformin. And the clinical effects of the two groups were compared. Results The incidence of pregnancy complications in the observation group was 2.44%, which was significantly lower than that in the control group (24.39%)(χ 2=8.504, P=0.004). The incidences of jaundice and fetal macrosomia in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (χ 2=4.100, 4.100, P<0.05), and the differences in the incidences of hypoglycemia, fetal malformation, respiratory distress between the two groups were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusion Metformin treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) can effectively control blood glucose, reduce the incidence of maternal and neonatal complications, and significantly improve maternal and infant outcomes, with high drug safety, which is worthy of clinical application.