海底扇朵叶沉积构型研究进展

Research progress on the depositional architecture of submarine-fan lobes

作为深海沉积体系中主要的沉积储层类型之一,海底扇朵叶沉积具有重要的科研价值和极大的油气资源潜力,因此一直是世界深海沉积研究的热点。在近60年的研究历程中,学术界在海底扇朵叶概念、沉积模式及成因机制等方面取得了重要进展,同时也产生了一定分歧,尤其是在海底扇朵叶体系内部构型研究方面仍存在较多争议和不足。本文阐述了海底扇朵叶沉积内部的构型要素类型及特征,总结并分析了海底扇朵叶体系构型级次划分方案及不同级次构型单元的空间分布样式与定量规模。在此基础上,指出了今后的研究有必要对不同学者的朵叶构型分级概念作细致的对比梳理,在统一构型级次的基础上明确不同地质条件或主控因素对海底扇朵叶构型发育模式的控制作用,能够建立相对统一的、可对比的、定量构型知识库,从而更好地指导深水油气勘探开发过程中的朵叶储层构型表征。

As one of the primary sedimentary reservoirs in deep-water sedimentary systems, submarine-fan lobe deposits have important academic value and huge hydrocarbon potential, and thus have always been the hot spot in the study of deep-water sedimentation worldwide. Over nearly 60 years of research, significant progress has been made in respects of submarine-fan lobe concept, sedimentary model and genetic mechanisms. Meanwhile, some controversies also occur, especially on the internal architecture of submarine-fan lobe systems. This paper explains the types and characteristics of architecture elements within the submarine-fan lobe systems, and summarizes and analyzes the submarine-fan lobe architecture hierarchies as well as the spatial distribution patterns and quantitative scale of hierarchical architecture units. On this basis, this paper points out the future study needs to make detailed comparison between the hierarchical concepts of lobe architecture from different researchers. With the architecture hierarchy defined, more efforts are required to understand various development patterns of submarine-fun lobe architecture under control of different geological conditions or dominant factors. A relatively unified, comparable, quantitative architecture knowledge base is expected to be built up eventually, in order to better guide the architecture characterization of submarine lobe reservoirs in the process of deepwater hydrocarbon exploration and development.