资源、制度与情境:现代社会中时间意涵的理论流变

Resources,Institutions and Contexts: The Theoretical Evolution of the Temporal Implication in the Modern Society

社会学理论对时间意涵和路径的分析与解读一直存在着多维性,尤其是随着现代社会生产力的发展与社会文化结构的转型而发生着相应的变化。在现代社会,工业资本主义的兴起将时间资源化,时间被客体化为生产和利用的对象。与此同时,标准化了的时间正逐渐脱离其单纯的计量意义而成为一种社会制度的安排和社会的建构物。在时间体系日益复杂的现代社会,社会的时间体系由一种具有相对固定边界的刚性制度变得日益情境化和灵活化,行动者在日常生活世界中的反思性实践过程和社会时间结构成为一种互构的连续统,时间的单一制度意义逐渐被消解并代之为更为丰富和灵活的情境意义。

Sociological theories have multidimensional perspectives in analyzing and understanding the meanings and paths of time especially in the context of the development of productivity and structural transformations in modern society. The rising industrial capitalism treated time as resources with time objectified as the object of production and utilization. At the same time, the standardization of time gradually broke away from its pure measurement significance and became a social arrangement and construction of the society. With temporal system becomes increasingly complicated nowadays, the once rigid institution of social time with relatively fixed boundary, becomes increasingly contextualized and more flexible than before. The reflective practice of actors in the everyday life world and the structure of social time become a continuum. As a result, the unitary institutional meaning of time has been gradually dissolving and it will be replaced by more complex and more flexible contextual interpretations.