国家管辖范围外区域海洋遗传资源获取和惠益分享的制度化建构

Analysis on the Institutional Construction for Acquisition and Benefit-sharing of Marine Genetic Resources in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction

海洋科学技术的进步为人类获取和利用潜在价值巨大的海洋遗传资源提供了可能,但国家管辖范围外海域国际法治理框架的缺失又带来了诸多制度障碍。构建海洋遗传资源获取和惠益分享制度是实现对国家管辖范围外海域进行有效治理的前提。当前进行的国家管辖范围外区域海洋生物多样性(以下简称BBNJ)养护与可持续利用谈判进程中,各国基于不同的价值导向秉持不同的谈判立场,化解相关谈判过程中国家集团间的利益冲突呼唤有效的制度安排。以鼓励海洋科研创新与维护全人类利益的价值导向为基础,进而构建弱限制性获取制度和强制性与自愿性相结合的惠益分享制度是符合BBNJ养护与可持续利用目的的有益尝试。面对国际变革,中国应当研判海洋遗传资源的发展趋势,针对性地强化自身能力建设,积极参与并引导会议进程,推广中国理念。

The progress of marine science and technology makes it possible for the human being to acquire and utilize valuable marine genetic resources.Whereas the lack of the international governance framework of areas beyond national jurisdiction(hereinafter ABNJ) brings lots of system obstacles.The construction of the system of access and benefit-sharing of marine genetic resources is the premise to achieve the governance of the conservation and sustainable utiliztion of marine biodiversity in ABNJ.During the current negotiation process of the conservation and sustainable utilization of marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction (hereinafter BBNJ),different country holds different negotiating positions based on different value orientation.Resolving conflicts of interests between state groups in the relevant negotiation process calls for effective institutional arrangements.Constructing a weakly restrictive access system and a benefit-sharing system combining mandatory and voluntary,based on the value orientation of encouraging marine scientific research innovation and safeguarding the interests of all mankind,is a useful attempt to meet the objectives of BBNJ conservation and sustainable use.Faced with international changes,China should study the development trend of marine genetic resources,strengthen its own capacity-building,participate in and guide the conference process actively,and promote China’s own ideas.