讽寓阐释的异域回响——江户时代《古诗十九首》日本注本考论

Allegorical Expounding and Exotic Interpretation ——A Textual Research of the Nineteen Ancient Poems With Japanese Annotations Edited in the Edo Age

江户时代产生了四部《古诗十九首》的注本,其中两部是汉文注本,另两部则是假名注。本文对两部汉文注,即原公逸的《古诗十九首解》、石作贞的《古诗十九首掇解》的学术背景与阐释特色进行了考论,发现这两部注本皆注重对《十九首》进行"讽寓阐释"(allegoresis),多从君臣关系、君子-小人的角度来解诗。江户时代四部《古诗十九首》注本至少有三部与当时的折衷学派有关,折衷学派不满当时的"古文辞学派",不喜流行一时的伪唐诗、明诗,揭橥古朴的《古诗十九首》应是出于此目的。

There were four versions of Nineteen Ancient Poems with Japanese annotations edited in the Edo Age.The annotations of two versions were written in Chinese,and the other two were in Katakana.The paper tries to explore academic background and interpretative characteristics of the two written in Chinese,namely,Hara Kyosai’s Gu Shi Shi Jiu Shou Jie and Ishizukuri Kuseki’s Gu Shi Shi Jiu Shou Duo Jie.It was found that these two versions focused on "allegories" of Nineteen Ancient Poems,more from the perspective of monarch-minister and gentleman-villain to interpret poems.Three annotations of them were related with the so-called "Eclectic School" in the Edo Age,who were discontented with "the School of Ancient Rhetoric" at that time,and dissatisfied with the prevailing fake Tang and Ming poetry,then turned to the simple and plain Nineteen Ancient Poems.