论新闻出版者邻接权——基于欧盟《数字化单一市场版权指令》草案第11条评述

On the Neighboring Right of Press Publishers——Based on Article 11 of the EU Draft Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market

欧盟《数字化单一市场版权指令》草案中第11条关于设立新闻出版者邻接权条款引起较大争议。第11条授予出版者控制信息服务提供者在线使用其新闻出版物的权利,即网络新闻平台在转载传统媒体或其他网站内容的摘要或提供链接时应支付相应“链接税”。新闻出版者邻接权的设置是对传统媒体和互联网下新媒体利益分配的一次重大调整。从立法论的视角观察欧盟新闻出版者邻接权制度的出生和落地,更有利于从制度生成层面探究比较法上的借鉴意义。我国现行立法在面对是否应增设新闻出版者邻接权问题上应该持保守态度,首先立法应让位于市场,由市场对不同产业主体利益分配真正起决定性作用,然后再考虑权利增设与否问题,如此才是法律面对技术进步所带来社会市场新竞争的正确方法论自觉。

Article 11 of the EU Draft Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market has aroused considerable controversy over the establishmentof neighboring right of press publishers. It grants publishers the right to control the online use of their news publications by information serviceproviders, i.e. Internet news platforms shall pay a corresponding“link tax”when they reproduce abstracts of traditional media or other website contentor provide links. The establishment of news publishers’neighboring right is a major adjustment to the distribution of interests between traditional mediaand new media on the Internet. Observing the birth and landing of the neighbouring right system of press publishers in EU from the perspective oflegislative theory is more conducive to exploring the reference significance of comparative law from the perspective of system formation. China’scurrent legislation should be conservative in the face of whether it should add the right of neighbouring to the press and publishers. First, legislationshould give way to the market. When the market really plays a decisive role in the distribution of the interests of different industries, whether toadd rights should be considered. This is the correct methodological consciousness of the law in the face of the new competition in the social marketbrought about by technological progress.