山西中晚熟区春玉米宜粒收品种筛选试验

Study on Mechanically Harvesting Maize Cultivar Selection in Medium-late Maturity Region of Shanxi Province

2016年在山西忻州开展适宜粒收春玉米品种筛选试验,以先玉335为对照,对12个品种的抗倒性、灌浆、脱水特性及收获期籽粒含水率、产量、机收质量进行分析评价,旨在筛选出山西中晚熟区种植的适宜粒收的春玉米品种。结果表明,和育301、先玉1622的倒伏倒折率分别为2.4%,2.5%,灌浆速率均高于对照;生理成熟期(授粉后65 d),和育301籽粒含水率为19.3%,先玉1622籽粒含水率(28.5%)高于对照,但其生理成熟后籽粒脱水速率高,在生理成熟后10 d籽粒含水率为24.48%,二者均达到适宜籽粒机收的水平;和育301、先玉1622的产量较对照分别增加9.1%,6.2%,且在大田机收条件下,其籽粒破碎率分别为4.3%,4.9%,籽粒含杂率分别为1.0%,0.6%,总损失率分别为2.2%,1.9%,符合《玉米收获机械技术条件(GB/T 21961—2008)》中规定的要求。和育301、先玉1622这2个品种倒伏倒折率低、籽粒灌浆快、生理成熟后脱水快、破损率和杂质率低、产量高,为山西中晚熟玉米区适宜粒收的品种。

To screen the suitable mechanical harvesting spring maize cultivar in the medium-late maturity region of Shanxi province,an experiment about cultivar selection was carried out in Xinzhou,Shanxi in 2016.The growth and development process,plant height,ear height,lodging rate,grain filling rate,grain dehydration rate,grain moisture,yield and harvest quality of different maize cultivars were analyzed.The results showed that the lodging rate of Heyu 301 and Xianyu 1622 was 2.4%,2.5%,respectively,grain filling rate was higher than CK.At physiological maturity,the grain moisture content of Heyu 301 was 19.3%,which was suitable to mechanical grain harvesting.The grain moisture content of Xianyu 1622 was 28.5%,which was higher than CK,but it reached the suitable level of mechanical grain harvesting after 10 d of physiological maturity,which was 24.48%.The yield of Heyu 301 and Xianyu 1622 were 9.1%and 6.2%higher than CK,respectively,and the grain breakage rate was 4.3%,4.9%at harvest,respectively,which were lower than the national standard of less than 5%(GB/T 21961-2008),the impurity rate was 1.0%,0.6%,respectively,which were lower than the national standard of less than 3%,and the total yield loss rate was 2.2%,1.9%,respectively,less than the national standard of 5%.The comprehensive analysis showed that Heyu 301 and Xianyu 1622 were characterized by low lodging rate,fast grain-filling rate,fast dehydration rate after physiological maturity,low grain broken rate,low grain impure rate and high yield,they can be selected as the suitable cultivar of local mechanical grain harvesting.