《伤寒论》中生姜与干姜的探讨

Discussion on Ginger and Dried Ginger in Treatise on Febrile Diseases

《伤寒论》首次将生姜和干姜确立为两味独立的中药,而在《伤寒论》问世之后,《本草纲目》刊行以前,都是生姜晒干作干姜入药,干姜即干生姜,是同一种姜。《伤寒论》中生姜与桂枝的配伍共有25次之多,且主要集中在太阳病篇,可见生姜确能解表散寒。理中汤(丸)虽桂枝和干姜同用,但根据煎法可以看出,发挥解表作用的主要在桂枝,且理中汤以温中为主,桂枝解表为辅,可见干姜确无解表之效。《伤寒论》中干姜治疗脾虚寒而下利,生姜随证配伍治疗呕吐,疗效显著。可见,温阴土脾,用干姜;建阳土胃,则用生姜。干姜和生姜的助阳之效不仅在脾胃,干姜与附子配伍,有回阳救逆之功。生姜温阳之力弱,但与桂枝的配伍不仅解表散寒,还可温通阳气。

For the first time,ginger and dried ginger was recognized as two independent Chinese medicines in Treatise on Febrile Diseases.After the publication of Treatise on Febrile Diseases and before the publication of Compendium of Materia Medica,ginger was dried and then used as ginger.In other words,ginger is the same kind of ginger.In Treatise on Febrile Diseases,there are 25 prescriptons with the compatibility of ginger and cassia twigs,and they are mainly concentrated in the Taiyang disease.It can be seen that ginger can dispel cold.Lizhong Decoction(or Lizhong Pill)is the same as cassia twig and dried ginger.However,according to the method of frying,it can be seen that the main function of Jiebiao is that of Guizhi,and the dried ginger does not have the effect of solving the problem.In Treatise on Febrile Diseases,dried ginger is used to treat Spleen deficiency and cold,and ginger is used in combination to treat vomiting.It can be seen that when warming Yin and Spleen dried ginger is used and when warming Yang and Stomach ginger is used.The effect of dry ginger and ginger on the Yang is not only that to the Spleen and Stomach,but also in the compatibility of the ginger and the aconite.Gingers strength of warming Yang is weak,but its compatibility with Guizhi cannot only solve the problem of dispelling cold but also dredging the Yang.