优秀跆拳道运动员神经-肌肉疲劳状态下的VR眼动特征研究

Eye-tracking Study of Elite TKD Athletes under Neuromuscular Fatigue with VR Technique

目的:通过虚拟现实(VR)眼动仪采集和记录跆拳道运动员神经-肌肉疲劳状态下的眼动参数并分析其眼动特征,对比找出能够反映其中枢机能下降的测试任务及眼动参数。方法:通过运动员心理疲劳问卷(ABQ问卷)筛选出24名跆拳道运动员参与研究,通过下蹲跳(CMJ)测试成绩评价其是否出现神经-肌肉疲劳;训练前后受试者分别完成3种不同类型的认知任务(“舒尔特方格”“迷宫逃脱”“找不同”),采用aSee Pro VR眼动仪记录其完成任务过程中的眼动参数,共采集1474人/次,筛选出现神经-肌肉疲劳的运动员73人/次。采用配对样本t检验比较运动员疲劳前后完成特定任务的结果及完成认知任务过程中的眼动参数;采用Friedman非参数秩和检验比较完成不同类型认知任务时的眼动参数。结果:1)训练前后受试者完成认知任务的结果无显著性差异;2)受试者疲劳前后完成“舒尔特方格”任务过程中的瞳孔直径、眼跳速度具有显著性差异(P<0.005;P<0.005);3)受试者疲劳前后完成“迷宫”任务过程中的瞳孔直径具有非常显著性差异(P<0.001);4)受试者疲劳前后完成“找不同”任务过程中的瞳孔直径、眼跳速度具有显著性差异(P<0.001;P<0.005);5)认知任务对受试者瞳孔直径大小影响的顺序为“找不同”“迷宫”“舒尔特方格”,对其眼跳速度影响的顺序为:“找不同”“舒尔特方格”;6)完成不同种类的认知任务时,其眼动参数各不相同。结论:1)跆拳道运动员出现神经-肌肉疲劳后其内部唤醒水平过高、视觉敏感度大大降低;2)“找不同”任务结合完成任务过程中的瞳孔直径和眼跳速度能够作为评估跆拳道运动员出现神经-肌肉疲劳时其中枢机能下降的有效方式。

Objective:Using VR eye trackers to collect data of TKD athletes’eye movement parameters,then analyzing its characteristics to figure out the best reflective parameters for the central neural system decreasing.Methods:Twenty-four elite TKD athletes were selected via ABQ questionnaire and evaluating whether neuromuscular fatigue was presented by using counter movement jump(CMJ).Participants finished three different cognitive tasks(including“Schulte Grid”task,“Labyrinth Escape”task,“Odd One Out”task)before and after training.The aSee Pro VR eye tracker was used to record the eye movement parameters during the tasks,1474 athletes’data were collected,and 73 athletes were selected with neuromuscular fatigue.Paired-samples T-test was used to analyze the difference between pro-and post-fatigue scores of athletes’task performance and eye movement parameters in the process of completing cognitive tasks.Friedman non-parametric test was used to compare the difference of eye movement parameters between different types of cognitive tasks.Results:1)there are no significant differences between pro-and post-fatigue cognitive task performances;2)in“Schulte Grid”task,participants’pupil diameter and saccade velocity showed significant difference between pro-and post-fatigue tasks(P<0.005;P<0.005);3)in“Labyrinth Escape”task,participants’pro-and post-fatigue pupil diameter showed significant difference(P<0.001);4)in“Odd One Out”task,participants’pro-and post-fatigue pupil diameter showed significant difference(P<0.001),as well as saccade velocity(P<0.005);5)among the three cognitive tasks,the order of change in pupil diameter(from maximum to minimum)is:“Odd One Out”task,“Labyrinth Escape”task,“Schulte Grid”task,the order of change in saccade velocity is“Odd One Out”task,“Schulte Grid”task;6)the eye movement parameters was varied between the three tasks.Conclusion:1)Eye movement parameters analysis indicated that when TKD athletes are in the state of neuromuscular fatigue,their internal arousal level excessively increased,and their visual sensitivity decreased significantly;2)the combination of odd one out task and pupil diameter,saccade velocity could be used as an effective way to evaluate TKD athletes’decrease in central nerve system function under neuromuscular fatigue status.