我国城镇3岁以下婴幼儿机构照护供需状况研究

A Study on the Supply and Demand of Institutional Care for Infants under the Age of 3 in Urban Areas of China

婴幼儿照护负担严重削弱了“全面两孩”政策的实施效果。两孩需求和育儿焦虑的冲突使得家庭和社会对婴幼儿照护服务的需求不断扩大。通过知网数据库、百度学术、谷歌学术等学术搜索引擎进行文献检索和数据的收集,从供给和需求两方面对与婴幼儿照护服务相关的文献及资料进行整理和归纳,并对我国婴幼儿机构照护的供给和需求状况进行描述和测度。研究发现,我国婴幼儿照护服务存在供需缺口巨大、照护机构模式单一、师资力量不足、行业标准和政府监管缺失等问题。在规范发展多种形式的婴幼儿照护服务机构的同时,需要配置一系列的福利支持政策和灵活多样的照护方式来为家庭照护提供支持。

Since the implementation of the"Comprehensive Two-Child"policy,the burden of infant care has seriously weakened the effectiveness of the policy.The conflict between the needs of children and parental anxiety has led to an expanding demand for infant care services in home and the society.This article uses the academic search engine of HowNet database,Baidu Academic,Google Scholar and other academic search engines to collect literature and data,and sorts and summarizes the literature and materials related to infant care services from both supply and demand.It also provides a detailed description and demand measurement for the supply and demand situation of infant care institutions in China.It is found that infant and child care services in China have the following problems:huge gap between supply and demand,single mode of care institutions,insufficient teacher resources,lack of industry standards and government supervision.While regulating the development of multiple forms of infant care services,we need to deploy a range of welfare support policies and flexible care to support home care.