基于秩和比法的我国医疗卫生机构床位利用效率分析

Analysis of bed utilization efficiency in medical institutions in China based on the rank sum ratio method

目的了解并分析我国医疗卫生机构的病床利用效率。方法比较分析全国与东、中、西部的卫生资源总量利用效率,应用秩和比法分析我国不同类型医疗机构和不同专科医院的床位利用效率。结果中医医院、妇幼保健院、综合医院床位使用率最优,疗养院、专科疾病诊疗所、社区卫生服务站床位使用率有待提升;综合性医院、二级医院等卫生机构病床使用率高,而护理站、民族医院床位使用率不高;儿童医院、肿瘤医院的床位利用率很高,麻风病医院、皮肤病预防治疗站、口腔医院等床位利用效率低。结论政府应积极引导和全面实行分级诊疗制度,加快实现双向转诊制度,加大优惠力度鼓励和支持社会办营利性医疗卫生机构,合理安排各医疗机构床位量,力争实现卫生资源的最优配置。

Objective To analyze the bed utilization efficiency in medical institutions in China.Methods The utilization efficiency of total health resources was compared among the eastern,central,and western regions of China.The bed utilization efficiency was compared among different types of medical institutions and different specialized hospitals in China using the rank sum ratio(RSR)method.Results The bed occupancy rates were highest in traditional Chinese medicine hospitals,maternal and child health centers,and general hospitals,but need to be improved in nursing homes,specialist clinics,and community clinics.The bed occupancy rate was high in general hospitals and secondary hospitals,but was not high in nursing clinics and ethnic minority hospitals.It was extremely high in children’s hospitals and tumor hospitals but low in leprosy hospitals,dermatological disease control stations,and stomatological hospitals.Conclusions The government should actively guide and comprehensively implement the hierarchical medical system,accelerate the adoption of the two-way referral services,increase incentives to encourage and support private for-profit medical institutions,rationally allocate the number of beds in various medical institutions,and strive to achieve optimal allocation of health resources.