会话叙事视角的缺省语义空间探析

Analysis of Perspective Shift in Conversational Narratives from a Default Semantics View

文章从文学文本叙事推及日常会话叙事中叙述者和受述者的视角转换问题,通过Jaszczolt互动的缺省语义学所提出的合并表征框架,探析叙事交际话语中叙述者和受述者的视角转换对叙事的默认含义和叙事话语的缺省驱动进程产生的影响。分析发现,叙述者和受述者在接受当下发话者内外视角的转换时存在一个信息的默认环节,此时受述者基于会话现场的语境环境和说话者的认知背景语境与叙述者产生交际共情。而叙述者显性内在视角“你”的使用则是转换受述者隐性内在视角的驱动器,叙述者以此和受述者产生叙事信息的视角合并,这也是自然会话叙事中最常见的视角切换类型。

This paper is a study of perspective shift in conversational narratives from a default semantics view.The merger representation from Jaszczolt’s Default Semantics draws a frame for the tentative analysis of different perspectives from narrator and narratee;thus the truth-value and default-driven features at the shift level are studied.The study shows that an information default occurs by perspective shifts between narrators and narratees,from which the communicative empathy has been developed in the same narrative context.Explicit internal perspective“you”from the narrator is a common shift used in the natural conversational narratives,from which the merging perspective between the narrator and narratee is the most common type of default perspectives.