基于误差预测的机床精度分析与设计

Accuracy Analysis and Design of Machine Tools Based on Error Prediction

数字化精度分析是当前确保机床设计精度的重要手段。精度建模与精度分析等重要手段主要针对机床几何精度、运动精度及工件表面成形运动精度。对于复杂成形运动机床,目前精度设计标准与工件加工精度之间尚无准确对应关系。为此,提出了基于误差预测的机床精度设计方案,该方案分为两阶段数字化精度分析。第一阶段通过技术系统实现工件到工艺系统各部件精度分配与检测,在规定的精度下达到机床输出精度。第二阶段通过机床系统完成机床输出到机床各组成部件精度分配与检查。文中以YK3610滚齿机为例,详细分析了两系统误差模型及应用方法,并通过试验验证机床的实际切割精度可达5-4-4等级,因此该方法为复杂成形运动机床精度的设计提供了依据。

Digital accuracy analysis is an important means to ensure the accuracy of machine tool design.Precision modeling and precision analysis are important for geometric accuracy,kinematic accuracy and workpiece surface forming accuracy.At present,there is no exact correspondence between the precision design standard and the machining precision of the workpiece for complex forming movement machine tools.Therefore,a design scheme of machine tool precision based on error prediction is proposed,which is divided into two stages of digital precision analysis.In the first stage,the precision distribution and testing from the workpiece to the parts of the process system were realized through the technical system,and the output precision of the machine tool could be reached under the prescribed precision.In the second stage,the machine tool system was used to complete the precision allocation and inspection of the components of the machine tool.Taking YK3610 gear hobbing machine as an example,the error model of the two systems and its application method were analyzed in detail.The actual cutting accuracy of the machine tool can reach 5-4-4 grade by experiment.Therefore,this method provides reliable guidance for precision design of complex forming movement machine tool.