“个人”与“革命”的变奏:西方浪漫主义中国百年传播省思

Variations of Individual and Revolution Reflections on the Dissemination of Western Romanticism in China in the Past 100 Years

五四前后,我国对个体自由的呼吁与对内心表现的强调,跟国人的现实政治-文化需求高度契合,西方浪漫主义被广泛推崇和接受,中国现代文学的大门由此得以开启。30年代前后,在启蒙救亡与意识形态的交互作用下,浪漫主义迅速转变为与"个人主义"立场相去甚远的"革命浪漫主义"。1949年之后,作为文学思潮的西方浪漫主义很快在沉寂中销声匿迹。改革开放的40年,学术话语系统得到缓慢重建,学界对西方浪漫主义文学思潮的研究与阐发不断加强。除却20世纪初始的短暂蜜月,西方浪漫主义在中国经历了本土化的选择;究其内里不难发现:作为西方浪漫主义内核的"个体自由"观念在本土文化土壤上始终水土不服难以落地,当为根本因由。

Around the May 4 th Movement, the calling for individual freedom and the emphasis upon inner-world expression made western Romanticism consistent with the realistic political and cultural needs of Chinese people, thus western Romanticism was widely respected and accepted, thereby opening the door of Chinese contemporary literature. Around the year 1930, western Romanticism rapidly changed into Revolutionary Romanticism under the interaction between "enlightenment and salvation" and political ideology. The latter one turned out to be far from the standpoint of Individualism of the former one. Western Romanticism as a literary trend was soon almost vanished after the founding of PRC. Since the reform and opening-up, the academic discourse system was slowly reconstructed, thereby the study and interpretation of western Romanticism as a literary trend has returned back to the right path. Apart from a brief "honeymoon" at the beginning of the twentieth century, the dissemination of western Romanticism in China in the past 100 years has experienced localized chose and transformation. The fundamental reason for it is that the concept of "individual freedom", as the core of western Romanticism, has always been incompatible with Chinese culture.