从“自我崇拜”到“故土与祖先”——莫里斯·巴雷斯政治思想探析

From "self-worship" to "homeland and ancestors" :Analysis of Maurice Barrès′ political thought

莫里斯·巴雷斯是十九世纪末二十世纪初法国著名的作家和政治家。其政治思想的发展主要可以归纳为两大阶段:"自我崇拜"和"故土与祖先"。他在青年时代信奉"自我崇拜"的原则,认为人的第一任务是捍卫受到"野蛮"侵蚀的"自我"。"自我"意识是其政治思想的基础。在经过几次政治浪潮的冲击之后,他最终转向以"故土与祖先"为理论支撑的民族主义,强调对根、家庭、军队和故土的忠诚。"自我崇拜"理论最终在"故土与祖先"理论中得到升华。系统分析其民族主义思想产生的原因、内涵以及特征,有助于深入考察巴雷斯对十九世纪末二十世纪初法国民族主义政治思潮转型所产生的影响。

Maurice Barres was a famous French writer and political activist at the turning of the 19th and 20th centuries.The development of his political thought can be divided into two stages:"self-worship"and"homeland and ancestor".He believed in the principle of"self-worship"in his youth and considered the first task of human beings was to defend"ego"eroded by"barbarism"."Self-awareness"was the basis of his political thought.After several impacts of political waves,he finally turned to nationalism theoretically supported by"homeland and ancestor"and emphasized loyalty to root,family,army and homeland."Selfworship"theory was finally sublimated in the theory of"homeland and ancestor".The systematic analysis of the causes,connotation and characteristics of his nationalism thought,contributes to deeply investigating the influence of Barres on the transformation of the French nationalism political thought at the turning of the 19^th and 20^th centuries.