佩戴义乳的乳腺癌患者义乳认知及生命质量的调查分析

Investigation and Analysis on Cognition and Quality of Life for Breast Cancer Patients Wearing Artificial Breast

目的描述佩戴义乳乳腺癌患者对义乳的认知状况、生命质量和身体心像现状。方法于2016年11月—2017年2月,采用自行设计的基本信息调查表、义乳认知调查问卷、舒适度与实用性调查问卷、乳腺癌患者生命质量测定量表和身体心像量表,对30例佩戴义乳的乳腺癌术后患者进行问卷调查。结果研究共发放问卷30份,回收有效问卷30份,有效回收率为100%。认知调查问卷显示,73.33%的患者愿意佩戴文胸型义乳,66.66%的患者接受小于1000元的义乳,56.67%的患者除睡觉外一直佩戴义乳,100.00%的患者认为义乳提升了自我形象,53.33%的患者认为义乳改善了性生活,70.00%的患者了解义乳的途径为医护人员和病友,只有6.67%的患者对义乳很了解,86.67%的患者认为有必要通过医护人员得到有关义乳的信息。舒适度与实用性调查问卷显示,96.67%的患者认为该种义乳方便佩戴,70.00%的患者表示义乳能够足够遮挡伤口,50.00%的患者满意自己佩戴的传统型义乳。生命质量测定量表总得分为36~180分,5个维度平均得分为(23.83±3.67)、(49.80±7.75)、(33.80±4.54)、(43.17±4.41)、(86.07±9.25)分。身体心像量表总得分为0~30分,一般身体心像平均得分为(8.27±3.07)分,癌症治疗相关身体心像得分为(8.63±3.46)分。结论使用义乳的患者生命质量尚可,身体心像稍差,患者对义乳的了解甚少,希望得到医护人员提供的专业知识。乳腺专科护士可以为患者提供有关义乳的全面教育信息,协助患者选择合适的义乳,了解患者的佩戴体验,减少患者的身心困扰。

Objective To describe the status quo of cognition,quality of life and body&mind image for breast cancer patients wearing artificial breast.Methods 30 patients with breast cancer after operation wearing artificial breast were investigated using self-designed basic information questionnaire,cognition questionnaire on artificial breast,comfort and practicality questionnaire,quality of life measurement scale for breast cancer patient and body&mind image scale from November 2016 to February 2017.Results A total of 30 questionnaires were distributed and 30 valid questionnaires were recovered with an effective recovery rate of 100%.The cognition questionnaire showed that 73.33% of the patients were willing to wear the artificial breast of bra type,66.66% of the patients can accept the artificial breast less than 1000 yuan,56.67% of the patients had been wearing the artificial breast except sleeping,100.00% of the patients admitted that the artificial breast had improved their self-image,53.33% of the patients admitted that the artificial breast had improved their sexual life,70.00% of the patients learned the knowledge of artificial breast from medical staff and wardmates,only 6.67% of the patients had thorough understanding about the artificial breast,and 86.67% of the patients thought that it was necessary to get information about artificial breast via medical staff.According to the questionnaire on comfort and practicability,96.67% of the patients thought that this type of artificial breast was convenient to wear,70.00% of the patients said that the artificial breast could cover the wound sufficiently,and 50.00% of the patients were satisfied with the traditional artificial breast they were wearing.The total score for quality of life measurement scale was 36-180,and the average scores for 5 dimensions were(23.83±3.67),(49.80±7.75),(33.80±4.54),(43.17±4.41),(86.07±9.25)respectively.The total score for body&mind image scale was 0-30,the average score for general body&mind image was(8.27±3.07),and the score for cancer treatment related body image was(8.63±3.46).Conclusion The quality of life for the patients wearing artificial breast is acceptable while the body&mind image are relatively poor,and the patients know little about the artificial breast who have desire to acquire professional knowledge from the medical staff.The specialist breast care nurses shall provide patients with comprehensive education information about artificial breast,assist patients in selecting appropriate artificial breast,understand their experience on wearing,and relieve the body&mind distress for patients.