“全面二胎”政策下≥35岁女性二胎生育意愿及影响因素分析

Second fertility intention and its influencing factors among women aged 35–50 years under universal two-child policy

目的探索“全面二胎”政策下≥35岁女性二胎生育意愿及影响因素。方法基于2015年中国综合社会调查(CGSS)数据库,根据研究目的选取样本1674人,使用描述性统计分析、χ2检验、二元logistic回归进行分析。结果1674名年龄≥35岁女性中,有二胎生育意愿的占78.43%。二元logistic回归分析结果显示,学历、生活幸福感、拥有房产数量、生育男孩数量、未成年子女数量、婚姻状况是年龄≥35岁女性二胎生育意愿的影响因素(P<0.05)。具有初中(OR=0.392)、高中/中专(OR=0.385)、大专(OR=0.236)、本科学历(OR=0.301)、丧偶(OR=0.079)的≥35岁女性二胎生育意愿较低;生活比较幸福(OR=3.741)、再婚有配偶(OR=3.041)的≥35岁女性二胎生育意愿较高;拥有房产数量(OR=1.547)、生育男孩数量(OR=1.700)、未成年子女数量(OR=1.465)多的≥35岁女性二胎生育意愿更强烈。结论提高经济收入、稳定房价、增加产假时长、鼓励父亲参与抚养有利于提高≥35岁女性二胎生育意愿,做好优生优育工作及提升妇幼保健能力同样不容忽视。

Objective To explore second fertility intention and its influencing factors among Chinese women aged 35–50 years under the universal two-child policy.Methods We extracted the data on 1674 women aged 35–50 years in 28 provinces/municipalities/autonomous regions across China from the database of Chinese General Social Survey(CGSS)conducted in 2015.Descriptive statistics,chi-square test,and binary logistic regression analysis were used in data analyses.Results Of the women surveyed,78.43%reported the willingness to have a second child.The results of logistic regression analysis indicated that education,perceived life happiness,number of real properties,number of sons,number of minor children and marital status were significant influencing factors for second fertility intention(all P<0.05);the women with the education of junior high school(odds ratio[OR]=0.392),senior high school/technical secondary school(OR=0.385),college(OR=0.236),and undergraduate(OR=0.301)and the women widowed(OR=0.097)were less likely to have second fertility intention;while the women with perceived happy life(OR=3.741),remarried with a spouse(OR=3.041),having real estate properties(OR=1.547),having boys(OR=1.700),and having minor children(OR=1.465)were more likely to have second fertility intention.Conclusion The proportion of having second fertility intention was relatively high and the intention was influenced by education,perceived life happiness,economic condition,fertility status and marital status among 35–50 years old Chinese women in 2015.