无意识怪物的银幕再现——精神分析视域下的恐怖电影理论初探

The Return of the Unconscious Monster:Horror Film in Psychoanalytic Perspectives

从1970年代末期开始至今,从精神分析理论视角进入西方恐怖电影的各类研究层出不穷。这些电影理论大多从弗洛伊德的"诡异"和"无意识"等概念出发,继而发展出意识形态批判、女性主义、后结构主义等不同的解读脉络,其中包括罗宾·伍德、芭芭拉·柯丽德以及齐泽克等人的论述。他们致力于考察欧美语境下恐怖电影的快感机制、怪物形象以及电影语言对无意识恐怖心理的营造方式等。可以说,不同精神分析学派中对无意识"他者"概念的阐释,为理解恐怖电影打开了多元的路径。

A growing number of researches on horror film with psychoanalytic perspectives have emerged in the western academia since 1970 s.This paper firstly argues the relationship between horror film studies and the well-known concept of "uncanny",proposed by Sigmund Freud in 1919;and then elaborates different points of view by the contemporary scholars such as Robin Wood,Barbara Creed,Slavoj ?i?ek,etc.,which are on the basis of psychoanalysis,to examine the questions of pleasure and desire in horror films,and the cultural implications behind monster images and other relevant cinematic representations.It is worth noting that the horror elements in films on the one hand always implied the instability of cultural subjectivity,the transgression of established orders,and the threat from "the other",while on the other hand,varies according to the specific social crisis in different historical contexts.In light of various discourse of "the other" in psychoanalysis,the paper is in attempt to provide diverse ways to conceptualize the psychological structure of unconsciousness in horror films.