“阐释性展览”：试论当代展览阐释的若干问题

The Interpretive Exhibition: Some Issues of the Interpretation of Contemporary Exhibitions

一百余年来博物馆文化的重大变迁,使曾将藏品放在首位的博物馆,如今把观众置于中心,我国自20世纪80年代起受其影响。“阐释性展览”是指以展览要素作为沟通媒介,向观众传递藏品及其相关信息以促使观众参与的展览。它与“非阐释性展览”相区别的根本标准在于能否促使观众参与。当前我国创建此类展览至少面临缺乏整体性、过度依赖文献、习惯说教、难以建立关联和重视方式创新五方面问题,可从通用标准、所处阶段、观众研究和教育模式四方面进行归因,并据此提出围绕物、人和传播技术及其关系的三大原则和确保整体性、贯彻逻辑性、致力特殊性等的七维度模型,以创造观众相关联的真实体验,促使其实现理解、思考及情感关联,进而吸引新观众和提高重复参观率。

The major changes of museum culture over the past 100 years have led to a shift of museum focus from objects to audience,which has been shaping museums in China since the 1980 s.The interpretative exhibition refers to the exhibition that uses exhibition elements as a medium to communicate with the audience about the collections as well as the related information so as to facilitate audience engagement.The fundamental criterion to distinguish the interpretative exhibition from the non-interpretative exhibition is its capability to foster audience engagement.Currently,the creation of such exhibitions in China is confronted with at least five problems,such as lack of integrity,excessive dependence on literature,customary preaching,difficulty in setting up connections and priority on innovation modes.Attribution can be attributed to four aspects:general standard,what stage,and visitor studies and education mode.Based on this,we try to propose three principles centering on object,human and communication technology and its relations,as well as a seven-dimensional model that ensures integrity,implements logic,strives for particularity,etc.The aim is to create the museum experiences that are relevant to the audience and encourage the audience’s learning,reflection,and affection relating so as to attract new audiences and increase repeated visits.