无机有机肥配施生物炭对复垦土壤酶活性以及磷形态的影响

Effect of Inorganic Organic Fertilizer Combined with Biochar on Enzyme Activity and Phosphorus Forms in Reclaimed Soil

为探究采煤塌陷复垦区贫瘠土壤的培肥措施,利用长治市襄垣县采煤塌陷区复垦5 a的石灰性生土进行试验,对土壤的酶活性和磷形态的变化规律进行探究。结果表明,在试验周期内,与CK处理相比,生物炭促进了土壤中脲酶活性、碱性磷酸酶活性、蔗糖酶活性、过氧化氢酶活性、脱氢酶活性,分别最高提升了647.0%,223.0%,68.6%,93.7%,331.0%;不同施肥处理,对土壤中脲酶活性的促进有机肥与化肥的混施强于单施有机肥或化肥,而单施有机肥却对碱性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶和脱氢酶的促进效应,强于单施化肥和有机肥与化肥混施。随着生物炭的添加,不同施肥处理间各种磷形态含量差异明显,其中,Ca2-P、Ca10-P均相对丰富,分别最高提升了17.09%,4.58%;Ca8-P、Al-P、Fe-P、O-P含量则相对明显在逐渐耗竭,分别最高减少了3.39%,5.40%,7.20%,3.96%;有效磷、全磷含量最高增加了11.0%和4.34%,而无机磷总量却变得相当丰富,与空白CK相比提高了53.5%~63.3%。通过相关性分析结果可知,复垦土壤中有效磷与Ca2-P、Ca8-P、O-P的含量间密切相关;另外,在复垦土壤中,Ca-P、铁铝结合态磷和闭蓄态磷之间保持着一定的比例,一定条件下可通过Ca8-P和O-P这2种形态来相互转化。

To explore the fertilization measures for the poor soil in the coal mining subsidence reclamation area, this paper used the calcareous soil in the coal mining subsidence area of Xiangyuan County, Changzhi City for five years to test the soil enzyme activity and phosphorus form and the variation law was investigated. The results showed that biochar promoted the activity of urease, alkaline phosphatase, invertase, catalase and dehydrogenase in soil during the test period.The highest increase was 647.0%, 223.0%, 68.6%, 93.7%, and 331.0%.Different fertilization treatments, the mixed application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer to promote urease activity in soil is stronger than single application of organic fertilizer or chemical fertilizer, but single application of organic fertilizer has effects on alkaline phosphatase, invertase, catalase and dehydrogenase. The promotion effect is stronger than the single application of chemical fertilizer and the mixed application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer. With the addition of biochar, the content of various phosphorus forms varied significantly among different fertilization treatments. Among them, Ca2-P and Ca10-P were relatively abundant, which increased by 17.09% and 4.58% respectively;Ca8-P, Al-P, the content of Fe-P and O-P was gradually depleted, with a maximum reduction of 3.39%, 5.40%, 7.20%, and 3.96%, respectively. The maximum increments of available phosphorus and total phosphorus were 11.0% and 4.34% respectively. The content of inorganic phosphorus was increased to be 53.5%-63.3% higher than CK. The correlation results, the available phosphorus in the reclaimed soil was closely related to the contents of Ca2-P, Ca8-P and O-P. In addition, it could be seen that in the reclaimed soil, Ca-P, iron-aluminum bound phosphorus and closed-state phosphorus maintain a certain ratio, and under certain conditions, they could be transformed by Ca8-P and O-P.