氢能技术发展趋势综述

Overview of the Development Trends of Hydrogen Energy Technologies

氢能是未来构建以清洁能源为主的多元能源供给系统的重要载体,其开发与利用已经成为新一轮世界能源技术变革的重要方向。我国是能源消费大国,也是能源短缺国家。与其他能源相比,氢能可再生、零排放,功率密度是汽油、柴油的3倍,发电成本也低于光伏、风能、石油等方式。发展氢能有利于保障能源安全,推进能源产业升级。氢能对加快推进我国能源生产和消费革命,加快新时代能源转型发展具有重大意义。我国发展氢能具备丰富的资源和供给能力,氢能应用市场潜力巨大,产业基础和整合发展能力强。经过多年积累,我国氢燃料电池汽车产业初具产业化条件。随着政策的引导、技术的更新突破和产业构建的逐步完善,已基本形成氢能研发、制备、储运、应用等完整产业链,上下游协作意识増强,企业间战略合作行动显著增加。但仍存在关键材料和核心技术尚未自主、基础设施建设不足、商业化推广模式尚未建立等诸多瓶颈。

Hydrogen energy is an important carrier for the future construction of a multi-energy supply system based on clean energy.China is a big consumer of energy,but also a country short of energy.Compared with other energy sources,hydrogen is renewable,has zero emissions,has three times the power density of gasoline and diesel,and has a lower power generation cost than photovoltaic,wind and oil,which is conducive to energy security and industrial upgrading.Hydrogen energy is of great significance for accelerating the revolution of energy production and consumption in China and accelerating the energy transformation and development in the new era.China has abundant resources and supply capacity to develop hydrogen energy,huge market potential for hydrogen energy application,strong industrial foundation and integration capacity.After years of accumulation,the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle industry in China has begun to take industrialization conditions.With the guidance of policies,technological breakthroughs and the gradual improvement of industrial construction,a complete industrial chain of hydrogen energy research and development,preparation,storage and transportation,and application has been basically formed.However,there are still many bottlenecks such as the lack of autonomy of key materials and core technologies,the lack of infrastructure construction,and the lack of commercial promotion modes.