论虚拟财产的非财产属性

On the Non-property Attribute of Virtual Property

目前学理界与实务界大多将虚拟财产纳入财产属性范畴。物权说以物的各项特征去套用虚拟财产的特征,存在逻辑推理的错误和内容上的不严密性;债权说认为虚拟财产是债权凭证或合同服务的对象,混淆了债权关系之标的与标的物的区别;知识产权说与新型权利说均超出服务合同本身而片面讨论虚拟财产的属性。实际上,虚拟财产不具有使用价值和交换价值,从本质上而言,它是由“0”和“1”组成的数据,而数据的本质是不具有任何财产属性的操作权限。玩家或游戏商拥有虚拟财产即表明其拥有了修改数据的操作权限,又因该操作权限源于服务合同的权利义务之内容,因而应将虚拟财产列入非财产属性范畴。

It is believed that the attribute of virtual property is real property in theoretical and practical circles.The real right theory applies the characteristics of the property to characteristics of virtual property mechanically,which results in the fault of logical reasoning and the imprecise of content.The creditor's right theory regards the virtual property as the certificate of creditor's right or the object of service contract.It confuses a contract object of a creditor's rights relationship with a subject matter.The intellectual property theory and new right theory are both one-sided for exceeding the range of service contract.In fact,virtual property has no use value or exchange value.It is made up of data 0 and 1 essentially,and the nature of the data indicates that the operating authorization has“non-property attribute”.The possession of virtual property by players or game vendors indicates that they have the operating authorization to modify the data.Considering the operating authorization originates from the content of rights and obligations in the service contract,the virtual property should be included in the category of non-property attributes.