从嵌入到独立:督查机制的模式演化与政策匹配逻辑

From Embeddedness to Independence: The Running Modes and Policy Matching of Inspection Mechanism

督查机制是中国国家治理的一项特色性制度安排。近年来督查对政府治理过程与政策执行成效的影响日益显著,但名目繁多、形式主义的督查活动也增加了基层治理负荷,导致“督查悖论”的发生。研究者需要区分我国督查实践的多样化运行模式,继而考察多类型督查模式与多元公共政策领域的匹配逻辑,以回应治理实践中的“督查悖论”。通过构建“组织-动力”双维度框架,基于对督查机制的类型学分析,本文提出了四类典型性督查模式,即嵌入式、派驻式、机动式及惯例式督查。各督查模式在组织形态、启动机制及治理工具等方面均具有差异。对于特定的政策领域,理性政府需要依据控制成本、政策属性等逻辑选择相适应的督查策略。

The inspection mechanism is the special institutional arrangement in national governance system of China.It plays an important role on governmental behaviors and the performance of policy implementation.However,the supervision activities with various names and formalism also increase the burden of grassroots governance,which leads to the occurrence of“supervision paradox”.This study establishes an analytic framework of two dimensions of“institutional degree—driving mechanism”and puts forward differentiate classic running modes in practice,namely,the embedded mode,accredited mode,mobile mode and routine mode.The typology of running mode further explains that each mode has its own organizational forms,activation mechanisms and governance tools.Furthermore,rational government need link the suitable inspection strategy to the specific public policy area according to the logic of control cost and policy attribute.