数据跨境流动规制中的“长臂管辖”——对欧盟GDPR的原旨主义考察

“Long-Arm Jurisdiction” in Data Flow Regulation:Originalist Study on GDPR of EU

欧盟《一般数据保护条例》是个人数据保护的重要立法之一,而其中的“长臂管辖”条款是最有特色并颇受争议的规则。从内在视角来看,欧盟语境下个人数据的特殊含义和重要地位,是“长臂管辖”的正当性基础。而其在制度上形成内外联动的局面,是因为欧盟想扭转其在全球互联网和信息产业的劣势地位,并增强其在全球数据保护立法的话语权,同时更好地保护个人数据和国家安全。对此,中国未来的数据保护立法应结合自身数据产业的特点,明确立法旨意,形成内外联动,在国际互联网和数据治理中采取积极有为的态度,掌握该领域的话语权。

The General Data Protection Regulation of EU looms large in the regulatory picture of transnational data flow with its distinctive,controversial“long-arm jurisdiction”regime.From the internal perspective of the EU,this paper highlights the special meaning and important position of personal data in the EU legal framework from both ideational and practical points of view.On the one hand,EU’s legal culture of human dignity lays the groundwork for the current strong protection of personal data.On the other hand,the EU endeavors to reverse its disadvantaged position in the global information industry and enhance its voice in global data strategy through the“long-arm jurisdiction”.The implications for China are twofold:designing legal regime about data flow,China should first identify its own legal culture on issues related to personal information;it then should take into consideration the development its own data industry and the place of China in global data competition.